Nursing Elites

1. Which hormone is released in response to low blood glucose levels?

• A. Insulin
• B. Glucagon
• C. Cortisol
• D. Adrenaline

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Glucagon is the hormone released in response to low blood glucose levels. When blood glucose levels drop, the pancreas secretes glucagon to stimulate the liver to break down glycogen into glucose, increasing blood sugar levels. This helps to restore the body's glucose balance. Insulin, on the other hand, is released in response to high blood glucose levels to lower blood sugar by promoting glucose uptake by cells. Cortisol is a stress hormone, and adrenaline is released in response to stress or danger, not specifically to regulate blood glucose levels.

2. Change the following fraction into a ratio: 19/40

• A. 19:40
• B. 40:19
• C. 19:4
• D. 40:4

Correct answer: A

Rationale: To change a fraction into a ratio, you replace the fraction bar (/) with a colon (:). Therefore, 19/40 as a ratio is written as 19:40. Choice B (40:19) is incorrect as it reverses the order of the numbers. Choice C (19:4) is incorrect as it uses the denominator as the second number, which is not the correct way to represent a ratio. Choice D (40:4) is incorrect as it does not reflect the original fraction accurately.

3. Which sentence uses 'etc.' grammatically correct?

• A. The list included diseases such as flu, measles, etc.
• B. The list included flu, measles, etc., and other items.
• C. The list included flu, measles, etc., diseases, and other items.
• D. The list included, flu, etc., measles, diseases, and other items.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct usage of 'etc.' should follow a comma when concluding a list. Option A correctly places 'etc.' at the end of a logical list with a comma before it, following grammatical rules. In option B, a comma should be placed after 'etc.' before introducing 'and other items.' Options C and D either misplace commas or incorrectly use 'etc.' within the list.

4. Which fibrous connective tissue attaches muscles to bones?

• A. Tendons
• B. Ligaments
• C. Cartilage
• D. Fascia

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Tendons are fibrous connective tissues that attach muscles to bones, allowing the transmission of forces generated by muscles and facilitating movement at joints. Ligaments, on the other hand, connect bones to other bones, providing stability. Cartilage is a firm, flexible connective tissue found in joints and the respiratory tract. Fascia surrounds muscles, groups of muscles, blood vessels, and nerves, offering support and protection. Therefore, the correct answer is tendons as they specifically connect muscles to bones.

5. The specific heat capacity of tin is 217 J/(g°C). Which of these materials would require about twice as much heat as tin to increase the temperature of a sample by 1°C?

• A. Copper [0.3844 J/(g°C)]
• B. Iron [0.449 J/(g°C)]
• C. Gold [0.1291 J/(g°C)]
• D. Aluminum [0.904 J/(g°C)]

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Aluminum. The specific heat capacity of aluminum is 0.904 J/(g°C), which is approximately 4 times that of tin. For a material to require about twice as much heat as tin to increase the temperature by 1°C, it should have a specific heat capacity roughly double that of tin. Therefore, aluminum fits this criterion better than the other options. Gold has a much lower specific heat capacity than tin, so it would require less, not more, heat to increase the temperature by 1°C. Copper and Iron also have specific heat capacities lower than tin, making them incorrect choices for requiring twice as much heat as tin.

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