Nursing Elites

1. Which hormone is released in response to low blood glucose levels?

• A. Insulin
• B. Glucagon
• C. Cortisol
• D. Adrenaline

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Glucagon is the hormone released in response to low blood glucose levels. When blood glucose levels drop, the pancreas secretes glucagon to stimulate the liver to break down glycogen into glucose, increasing blood sugar levels. This helps to restore the body's glucose balance. Insulin, on the other hand, is released in response to high blood glucose levels to lower blood sugar by promoting glucose uptake by cells. Cortisol is a stress hormone, and adrenaline is released in response to stress or danger, not specifically to regulate blood glucose levels.

2. What is the primary role of the small intestine in nutrient absorption?

• A. To break down food
• B. To absorb nutrients
• C. To secrete digestive enzymes
• D. To store glucose

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'To absorb nutrients.' The small intestine is the primary site for nutrient absorption in the digestive system. It plays a crucial role in absorbing nutrients from digested food into the bloodstream, facilitating the delivery of essential nutrients to the body for various functions and processes. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because while the small intestine does contribute to the breakdown of food and does secrete digestive enzymes, its primary function is to absorb nutrients, not to store glucose.

3. Where are B-lymphocytes produced?

• A. Thymus
• B. Red bone marrow
• C. Lymph nodes
• D. Spleen

Correct answer: B

Rationale: B-lymphocytes are produced in the red bone marrow. The red bone marrow is the primary site for B-cell development, where they mature before entering the circulation. The thymus is responsible for T-lymphocyte maturation, not B-lymphocytes. Lymph nodes and spleen play roles in immune responses but are not the primary sites for B-lymphocyte production.

4. What is the primary function of the skin?

• A. To regulate body temperature
• B. To protect the body from external damage
• C. To produce vitamin D
• D. To produce red blood cells

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The primary function of the skin is to protect the body from external damage. While the skin also helps regulate body temperature and produces vitamin D in response to sunlight, its main role is to act as a barrier against harmful external factors, such as pathogens and physical injuries. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because although the skin does play a role in regulating body temperature and producing vitamin D, its primary function is providing protection against external threats.

5. Which type of blood vessel carries blood back to the heart?

• A. Arteries
• B. Capillaries
• C. Veins
• D. Lymphatic vessels

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Veins are the blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart, except for the pulmonary veins which carry oxygenated blood from the lungs. Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart. Capillaries facilitate the exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and tissues but do not specifically carry blood back to the heart. Lymphatic vessels are part of the lymphatic system responsible for immune function and do not directly carry blood back to the heart. Therefore, the correct answer is veins.

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