Nursing Elites

1. Which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood back to the heart?

• A. Pulmonary vein
• B. Pulmonary artery
• C. Aorta
• D. Superior vena cava

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The corrected question is asking for a blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood back to the heart. The pulmonary vein is the correct choice as it carries oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart during systemic circulation. The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs for oxygenation. The aorta is the main artery that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body. The superior vena cava returns deoxygenated blood from the upper body back to the heart.

2. Which vitamin requires the lymphatic system for proper absorption from the intestine?

• A. Vitamin A
• B. Vitamin C
• C. Vitamin D
• D. Vitamin B12

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is Vitamin D. Vitamin D requires the lymphatic system for proper absorption from the intestine. Unlike vitamins A, C, and B12, which are absorbed directly into the bloodstream, vitamin D is absorbed into the lymphatic system first before entering the bloodstream. Therefore, options A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not rely on the lymphatic system for absorption from the intestine.

3. Which of these pairs represents an example of convergent evolution?

• A. Humans and chimpanzees
• B. Bats and birds
• C. Dolphins and sharks
• D. Snakes and earthworms

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Convergent evolution refers to the process by which different species independently evolve similar traits or characteristics due to similar environmental pressures. In the case of bats and birds, both have evolved wings for flight despite not sharing a recent common ancestor with wings. Bats are mammals, while birds are avians, yet they both have wings adapted for flight, which is a classic example of convergent evolution. A) Humans and chimpanzees share a common ancestor and have not independently evolved similar traits. C) Dolphins and sharks are not closely related, and their similarities are due to adaptations to their aquatic environment rather than convergent evolution. D) Snakes and earthworms belong to different classes (reptiles and annelids, respectively) and do not share recent common ancestors, making their similarities not a result of convergent evolution.

4. What is the unit of measurement for force in the International System of Units (SI)?

• A. Newton (N)
• B. Kilogram (kg)
• C. Joule (J)
• D. Meter per second squared (m/s²)

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The unit of measurement for force in the International System of Units (SI) is the Newton (N). One Newton is defined as the force required to accelerate a mass of one kilogram at a rate of one meter per second squared. Therefore, the correct answer is Newton (N). The other choices are incorrect because: B) Kilogram (kg) is a unit of mass, not force; C) Joule (J) is a unit of energy; D) Meter per second squared (m/s²) is a unit of acceleration, not force.

5. Identify the function NOT attributed to the lymphatic system.

• A. Fluid drainage from tissues
• B. Immune response via white blood cell production
• C. Nutrient transport throughout the body
• D. Waste removal through lymph nodes

Correct answer: C

Rationale: A) Fluid drainage from tissues: This function is attributed to the lymphatic system. Lymphatic vessels collect excess fluid from tissues and return it to the bloodstream. B) Immune response via white blood cell production: The lymphatic system plays a crucial role in the body's immune response by producing and transporting white blood cells, such as lymphocytes, which help fight infections. C) Nutrient transport throughout the body: Nutrient transport is primarily carried out by the circulatory system (blood vessels), not the lymphatic system. The circulatory system transports nutrients, oxygen, and hormones to cells and removes waste products. D) Waste removal through lymph nodes: The lymphatic system helps remove waste and toxins from the body by filtering lymph through lymph nodes, where harmful substances are trapped and destroyed by immune cells. Therefore, the function NOT attributed to the lymphatic system is C) Nutrient transport throughout the body.

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