Nursing Elites

1. What is the primary function of the adrenal glands?

• A. To produce insulin
• B. To regulate metabolism and stress response
• C. To fight infections
• D. To regulate blood pressure

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The primary function of the adrenal glands is to regulate metabolism and the body's stress response. The adrenal glands produce hormones like cortisol and adrenaline that play a vital role in managing metabolism, immune response, and stress levels. Choice A is incorrect because insulin is produced by the pancreas, not the adrenal glands. Choice C is incorrect because fighting infections is primarily the role of the immune system. Choice D is incorrect as the regulation of blood pressure involves organs like the heart, kidneys, and blood vessels, not the adrenal glands.

2. Which organ in the digestive system absorbs nutrients?

• A. Stomach
• B. Small intestine
• C. Large intestine
• D. Esophagus

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The small intestine is the primary site for nutrient absorption in the digestive system. It plays a crucial role in absorbing digested food into the bloodstream, where the nutrients are then circulated to the body's cells for energy and other functions. The stomach primarily breaks down food through the action of acids and enzymes, while the large intestine absorbs water and salts, not nutrients. The esophagus is a muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach and does not participate in nutrient absorption.

3. How does the circulatory system work with the digestive system?

• A. The circulatory system removes undigested solids from the body.
• B. The circulatory system filters and collects digested materials.
• C. The circulatory system moves absorbed nutrients through the body.
• D. The circulatory system releases enzymes that control digestion.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The circulatory system works with the digestive system by transporting absorbed nutrients through the body. After digestion occurs in the digestive system, nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream. The circulatory system then carries these nutrients to cells throughout the body where they are used for energy, growth, and repair. This process ensures that the necessary nutrients are delivered to where they are needed in the body. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the circulatory system is not responsible for removing undigested solids, filtering and collecting digested materials, or releasing enzymes that control digestion. These functions are primarily carried out by the digestive system.

4. Which lobe of the brain is primarily responsible for auditory functioning?

• A. Frontal lobe
• B. Temporal lobe
• C. Occipital lobe
• D. Parietal lobe

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Temporal lobe. The temporal lobe of the brain is primarily responsible for processing auditory information, including sound perception, speech recognition, and language comprehension. Damage to the temporal lobe can lead to difficulties in hearing, understanding spoken language, and recognizing familiar sounds. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the frontal lobe is mainly associated with functions such as decision-making and personality, the occipital lobe is primarily responsible for processing visual information, and the parietal lobe is involved in sensory functions and spatial processing, not auditory functioning.

5. What is the function of the large intestine in the digestive system?

• A. To secrete digestive enzymes
• B. To absorb water and form solid waste
• C. To produce bile
• D. To transport nutrients

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The large intestine's primary function is to absorb water from the remaining indigestible food matter that enters it from the small intestine. This absorption process helps in forming solid waste (feces) by compacting the material and preparing it for excretion. The large intestine does not secrete digestive enzymes, produce bile, or transport nutrients. Therefore, option B, 'To absorb water and form solid waste,' is the correct function of the large intestine in the digestive system.

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