Nursing Elites

1. What is the functional group present in aldehydes?

• A. Hydroxyl
• B. Carbonyl
• C. Ester
• D. Amine

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Carbonyl. Aldehydes contain the functional group -CHO, which is a carbonyl group where a carbon atom is double-bonded to an oxygen atom and single-bonded to a hydrogen atom. This distinguishes aldehydes from other functional groups. Choice A, Hydroxyl (-OH), is not characteristic of aldehydes as it is found in alcohols. Choice C, Ester (-COOR), and choice D, Amine (-NH2), represent different functional groups not typically found in aldehydes. Therefore, the correct functional group present in aldehydes is the carbonyl group.

2. Bile, a yellowish-green fluid, is stored in the gallbladder and released into the small intestine during digestion. What is the primary function of bile in digestion?

• A. Break down carbohydrates
• B. Break down proteins
• C. Emulsify fats
• D. Neutralize stomach acid

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The primary function of bile in digestion is to emulsify fats. Bile contains bile salts that help break down large fat globules into smaller droplets, increasing the surface area for enzymes to work on and aiding in the absorption of fats in the small intestine. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because bile's main role is not to break down carbohydrates or proteins, nor to neutralize stomach acid; rather, it primarily assists in the digestion and absorption of fats through emulsification.

3. Which element is essential for the formation of hemoglobin?

• A. Calcium
• B. Iron
• C. Potassium
• D. Sodium

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is Iron. Iron is essential for the formation of hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that binds and transports oxygen throughout the body. Calcium (Choice A), Potassium (Choice C), and Sodium (Choice D) are not directly involved in the formation of hemoglobin and its oxygen-carrying function.

4. Which of the following is best identified as a hypothesis?

• A. The environmental temperature can affect the growth of a plant's root.
• B. Plants need light to grow.
• C. A colder environment produces longer roots.
• D. Plants need 60 days to grow their roots.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Choice A is the best example of a hypothesis as it presents a testable statement regarding the impact of environmental temperature on plant root growth. A hypothesis should be specific and capable of being tested through experimentation, which is demonstrated in choice A. Choice B is a general statement rather than a testable hypothesis. Choice C lacks specificity and does not clearly state a cause-and-effect relationship to be tested. Choice D provides a specific time frame but does not address a relationship that can be tested through experimentation, making it less suitable as a hypothesis compared to choice A.

5. What is the smallest unit that can encode for a trait?

• A. A codon
• B. A gene
• C. A nucleotide
• D. A chromosome

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B - a gene. Genes are the smallest units that can encode for a trait as they contain the specific instructions for producing a particular characteristic or protein. While codons are sequences of nucleotides that code for specific amino acids in a protein, they are not the smallest unit that encodes for a trait. Nucleotides are the building blocks of DNA and RNA, and chromosomes are made up of DNA and proteins, containing many genes.

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