Nursing Elites

1. What is the function of parathyroid hormone?

• A. Increasing energy levels
• B. Stimulating cell reproduction
• C. Speeding up metabolism
• D. Activating vitamin D

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Parathyroid hormone plays a crucial role in activating vitamin D. This activation occurs in the kidneys, where parathyroid hormone stimulates the conversion of inactive vitamin D to its active form. Active vitamin D is essential for maintaining proper levels of calcium and phosphorus in the body, which are important for bone health and other physiological functions. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because parathyroid hormone is not involved in increasing energy levels, stimulating cell reproduction, or speeding up metabolism. Its primary function is related to calcium and phosphorus homeostasis through the activation of vitamin D.

2. Which part of the brain is responsible for regulating body temperature?

• A. Cerebrum
• B. Cerebellum
• C. Brainstem
• D. Hypothalamus

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The hypothalamus is the part of the brain responsible for regulating body temperature, along with controlling other autonomic functions like hunger, thirst, and sleep. It acts as the body's internal thermostat, helping to maintain a stable internal environment despite external temperature changes. The cerebrum is mainly associated with functions like thinking, perception, and voluntary movements, making it unrelated to regulating body temperature. The cerebellum is involved in coordination and balance, not in regulating body temperature. The brainstem is essential for basic life functions like breathing and heart rate, but it is not primarily responsible for regulating body temperature.

3. What is the main component of the cell membrane?

• A. Proteins
• B. Carbohydrates
• C. Lipids
• D. Nucleic acids

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The main component of the cell membrane is the phospholipid bilayer, which is primarily composed of lipids. Lipids form a barrier that separates the interior of the cell from the external environment, providing structural integrity and regulating the passage of substances in and out of the cell. Proteins are also essential components of the cell membrane, serving various functions such as transport, signaling, and cell recognition. Carbohydrates are present in the form of glycoproteins and glycolipids on the cell membrane surface, contributing to cell-cell recognition. Nucleic acids are not a primary component of the cell membrane.

4. Which vitamin is important for blood clotting?

• A. Vitamin C
• B. Vitamin K
• C. Vitamin A
• D. Vitamin D

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Vitamin K is crucial for the synthesis of proteins involved in blood clotting, aiding in the prevention of excessive bleeding. Without sufficient Vitamin K, the blood may not clot properly, leading to an increased risk of bleeding and other related complications. Vitamin C is essential for collagen synthesis and the immune system, not specifically for blood clotting. Vitamin A is important for vision and immune function. Vitamin D plays a role in calcium absorption and bone health, but it is not directly linked to blood clotting.

5. Which of the following is an organ of the respiratory system?

• A. Pancreas
• B. Brain
• C. Urethra
• D. Larynx

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The larynx is a vital organ of the respiratory system, responsible for producing sound and connecting the pharynx to the trachea. It plays a crucial role in breathing, swallowing, and vocalization. The brain, pancreas, and urethra are not part of the respiratory system; the brain is part of the nervous system, the pancreas is part of the digestive system, and the urethra is part of the urinary system. Therefore, the correct answer is the larynx.

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