Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following terms refers to the process of breaking large molecules into smaller molecules to provide energy?

• A. Metabolism
• B. Bioenergetics
• C. Anabolism
• D. Catabolism

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is 'D: Catabolism.' Catabolism specifically involves breaking down large molecules into smaller ones to release energy. It is the opposite of anabolism, which is the process of building larger molecules from smaller ones. 'Metabolism' (choice A) is a broader term that encompasses all chemical processes in an organism, including anabolism and catabolism. 'Bioenergetics' (choice B) refers to the flow and transformation of energy in a biological system, not specifically the breakdown of molecules for energy.

2. Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding the use of qualitative and quantitative data in scientific research?

• A. Quantitative data is collected through numerical measurements.
• B. Quantitative data is more accurate than qualitative data.
• C. Qualitative data is focused on perspectives and behavior.
• D. Qualitative data is collected through observation and interviews.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because quantitative data is not inherently more accurate than qualitative data. Both types of data have their strengths and limitations, and the choice of data type depends on the research question and methodology. Quantitative data is collected through numerical measurements and involves statistical analysis. On the other hand, qualitative data focuses on perspectives, behaviors, and meanings and is typically gathered through observation and interviews. While quantitative data provides numerical precision, qualitative data offers in-depth insights into behaviors and perspectives that cannot be quantified, making them equally valuable in scientific research.

3. What is the breakdown product of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) that provides energy for muscle contraction?

• A. Glucose
• B. Creatine phosphate
• C. ADP (adenosine diphosphate)
• D. Lactic acid

Correct answer: C

Rationale: ADP (adenosine diphosphate) is the correct breakdown product of ATP that provides energy for muscle contraction. When ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP, energy is released and utilized by the muscles for various cellular processes, including muscle contraction. Glucose serves as an energy source but is not the direct breakdown product of ATP for muscle contraction. Creatine phosphate plays a role in energy storage and transfer, but it is not the immediate breakdown product of ATP. Lactic acid is produced during anaerobic metabolism and is not the direct provider of energy for muscle contraction.

4. What is the maximum volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs after maximum inhalation?

• A. Tidal volume
• B. Total lung capacity
• C. Ventilation rate
• D. Vital capacity

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Vital capacity. Vital capacity represents the maximum volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs after a maximum inhalation. Tidal volume (Choice A) is the volume of air inspired or expired during normal breathing at rest and is not the maximum capacity. Total lung capacity (Choice B) refers to the maximum volume of air the lungs can accommodate including the residual volume, not just the expelled air. Ventilation rate (Choice C) is the rate at which air is moved in and out of the lungs, not the maximum volume of air that can be expelled.

5. Through what tubes does urine travel from the kidneys to the bladder?

• A. Urethra
• B. Ureters
• C. Renal arteries
• D. Renal veins

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Ureters.' The ureters are the tubes that transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder. The urethra, not a choice in this question, is the tube responsible for carrying urine from the bladder out of the body. Renal arteries and veins are blood vessels that respectively supply and drain the kidneys, not involved in the transport of urine to the bladder.

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