the pancreas secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine what enzyme breaks down proteins into amino acids

ATI TEAS 7

TEAS Test 7 science quizlet

1. The pancreas secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine. What enzyme breaks down proteins into amino acids?

A. Pepsin
B. Lipase
C. Amylase
D. Trypsin

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Trypsin is the correct enzyme that breaks down proteins into amino acids. It is produced by the pancreas and released into the small intestine to facilitate protein digestion. Pepsin is an enzyme from the stomach that also breaks down proteins, amylase targets carbohydrates, and lipase works on fats. In this context, since the question specifies the pancreas and small intestine, the correct answer is Trypsin as it is the pancreatic enzyme responsible for protein breakdown in the small intestine.

2. What function do genes serve in the relationship between parents and offspring?

A. Genes enable hereditary information to be passed from parents to offspring.
B. Genes prohibit hereditary information from being passed from parents to offspring.
C. Genes enable environmental factors to affect parents and offspring.
D. Genes serve no function in the relationship between parents and offspring.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Genes play a crucial role in passing hereditary information from parents to offspring, ensuring the transmission of genetic traits. This process forms the basis of inheritance and genetic continuity between generations. Choice B is incorrect as genes do not prohibit but rather facilitate the transmission of hereditary information. Choice C is incorrect because genes primarily transmit genetic information, while the influence of environmental factors is separate. Choice D is incorrect as genes are fundamental in genetic inheritance and the relationship between parents and offspring.

3. How do hydrogen bonds in water affect its characteristics?

A. Hydrogen bonds are not polar enough to attract non-polar molecules.
B. Hydrogen bonds cause water to be less dense when it is a solid than when it is a liquid.
C. Hydrogen bonds cause water to have high surface tension, allowing some organisms to move across it.
D. Hydrogen bonds cause water to be a good solvent.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Hydrogen bonds in water contribute to its high surface tension, enabling some organisms to move across the water's surface. This property is essential for certain insects and small animals that rely on surface tension to move or stay afloat on water. Choice A is incorrect because hydrogen bonds are polar and can attract polar and other charged molecules. Choice B is incorrect as hydrogen bonds make ice less dense than liquid water, which is a unique property. Choice D is incorrect as the ability of water to act as a good solvent is primarily due to its polarity, not just hydrogen bonding.

4. Which organelle is responsible for storing genetic material?

A. Mitochondria
B. Nucleus
C. Ribosome
D. Endoplasmic reticulum

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is the Nucleus. The nucleus is responsible for storing genetic material (DNA) and controlling cell functions. Mitochondria are known for energy production, not genetic storage. Ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis, not genetic material storage. The endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein and lipid synthesis, not genetic material storage. Therefore, the nucleus is the organelle primarily responsible for housing the genetic material within a cell.

5. Which types of glial cells are found in the CNS?

A. Schwann cells, satellite cells
B. Astrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells, oligodendrocytes
C. Satellite cells, microglia, oligodendrocytes
D. Astrocytes, Schwann cells, satellite cells

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Glial cells in the CNS include astrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells, and oligodendrocytes. Schwann cells and satellite cells are found in the PNS. Astrocytes are the most abundant type of glial cells and are involved in nutrient support, repair, and maintenance of the extracellular environment. Microglia are the resident immune cells of the CNS, playing a role in immune defense. Ependymal cells line the ventricles of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord, contributing to the production and circulation of cerebrospinal fluid. Oligodendrocytes are responsible for producing myelin, which insulates axons in the CNS. Understanding the specific functions of each type of glial cell is essential in grasping the complexity of the central nervous system's support and protective mechanisms.