Nursing Elites

1. What is the term for the lower surface of a structure?

• A. Inferior
• B. Transverse
• C. Dorsal
• D. Ventral

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The term for the lower surface of a structure is 'ventral.' 'Ventral' is used in anatomy to describe the front or lower surface of an organism or structure. In this context, 'inferior' (choice A) is not the correct term as it generally refers to something being below or lower in position but not specifically the lower surface of a structure. 'Transverse' (choice B) refers to a crosswise direction, not the lower surface. 'Dorsal' (choice C) is the term used for the upper or back surface of an organism or structure, opposite to the ventral surface.

2. What does 'External' refer to?

• A. Inside the body
• B. Located outside the body
• C. Exposed internally
• D. Near the skin

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The term 'External' refers to something that is located outside the body. In this context, it specifically denotes a position or location that is beyond the confines of the body's boundaries. Choice A is incorrect as 'External' means outside, not inside. Choice C is incorrect as it confuses the internal exposure with external positioning. Choice D is incorrect as 'External' does not necessarily mean near the skin, but rather outside the body.

3. If a patient’s condition is deteriorating, he is ___________.

• A. getting worse
• B. improving gradually
• C. resisting medication
• D. failing to eat or drink

Correct answer: A

Rationale: When a patient's condition is deteriorating, it means that their health is declining or worsening. This can involve a range of factors such as worsening symptoms, declining vital signs, or an overall decline in health status. In this context, the phrase 'getting worse' best describes the situation of a patient whose condition is deteriorating. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not reflect the concept of deterioration in a patient's health. Improving gradually (choice B) indicates a positive trend, resisting medication (choice C) suggests a behavioral response, and failing to eat or drink (choice D) points to a specific issue rather than a general decline in health.

4. What is the meaning of the word 'placebo' in the following sentence: 'Ten patients will receive the experimental drug while 10 take a placebo'?

• A. Fallback
• B. Substitute
• C. Control
• D. Curative

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In the context of the sentence, the word 'placebo' refers to a substance or treatment that resembles a real medical treatment but has no therapeutic effect. It is used as a standard against which the effects of the experimental drug are compared. A placebo is typically included in a control group in medical research to evaluate the actual effects of the experimental drug. Therefore, in this scenario, the placebo serves as a control to gauge the effectiveness of the experimental drug, making choice C the correct answer. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because a placebo is not a fallback, substitute, or curative treatment in this context.

5. What does the term 'Sallow' mean in reference to skin?

• A. Has a reddish tint
• B. Has a yellowish tint
• C. Has a bluish tint
• D. Has a greenish tint

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Sallow skin refers to skin that has a yellowish tint. The term 'sallow' specifically describes a complexion that appears somewhat yellowish or unhealthy. Choice A, 'Has a reddish tint,' is incorrect as sallow skin is not reddish. Choice C, 'Has a bluish tint,' is incorrect as sallow skin is not bluish. Choice D, 'Has a greenish tint,' is incorrect as sallow skin is not greenish.

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