Nursing Elites

1. What is the fluid-filled, jelly-like substance within the cell that suspends the organelles called?

• A. Nucleus
• B. Cytoplasm
• C. Plasma membrane
• D. Golgi apparatus

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, cytoplasm. Cytoplasm is the fluid-filled, jelly-like substance within the cell that suspends the organelles. The nucleus, not the correct answer, is the organelle that contains the cell's genetic material. The plasma membrane, another incorrect choice, is the outer boundary of the cell that regulates what enters and exits the cell. The Golgi apparatus, also an incorrect choice, is an organelle involved in processing and packaging proteins.

2. What property of a substance refers to its ability to undergo a chemical change and form new substances with different properties?

• A. Density
• B. Mass
• C. Reactivity
• D. Volume

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Reactivity is the property of a substance that describes its ability to undergo a chemical change and form new substances with different properties. Density (A), mass (B), and volume (D) are physical properties of a substance and do not directly relate to its ability to undergo chemical changes. Density is mass per unit volume, mass is the amount of matter in a substance, and volume is the space occupied by a substance.

3. Salts are formed by the reaction between:

• A. Two acids
• B. An acid and a base
• C. Two bases
• D. A metal and a nonmetal only

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Salts are formed by the reaction between an acid and a base. This reaction is known as a neutralization reaction. In this reaction, the acid donates a proton (H+) to the base, resulting in the formation of water and a salt as the products. Choice A is incorrect because salts are not formed by the reaction of two acids. Choice C is incorrect as salts are not produced by the reaction of two bases. Choice D is incorrect because while salts can be formed from the reaction between a metal and a nonmetal, it is not the only way salts are produced.

4. The small intestine is where most of the chemical digestion and nutrient absorption occur. What is the finger-like projection in the small intestine that increases its surface area for absorption?

• A. Rugae
• B. Villi
• C. Microvilli
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Microvilli are the finger-like projections in the small intestine that increase its surface area for absorption. Villi are also present in the small intestine and help increase the surface area for absorption. However, microvilli are smaller structures found on the surface of villi, further increasing the surface area available for nutrient absorption. Rugae are folds in the stomach that allow for expansion when food is consumed and are not found in the small intestine. Therefore, the correct answer is C) Microvilli. Villi and microvilli are specific to the small intestine, playing vital roles in nutrient absorption, while rugae are specific to the stomach's structure and function, serving a different purpose than increasing surface area for absorption.

5. Which macromolecule will always contain nitrogen?

• A. Fatty acid
• B. Protein
• C. Lipid
• D. Carbohydrate

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Protein. Proteins always contain nitrogen, as it is a key element in amino acids, the building blocks of proteins. Fatty acids (choice A), lipids (choice C), and carbohydrates (choice D) do not always contain nitrogen. Fatty acids consist of long chains of hydrocarbons, lipids are mainly composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, and carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen as well, but not nitrogen.

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