select the phrase or clause that is misplaced in the following sentence i did not see the open carton of orange juice on the shelf standing with the r

HESI A2

HESI A2 Grammar Practice Test

1. Select the phrase or clause that is misplaced in the following sentence: I did not see the open carton of orange juice on the shelf standing with the refrigerator door open.

A. I did not see
B. of orange juice
C. on the shelf
D. standing with the refrigerator door open

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The phrase 'standing with the refrigerator door open' is misplaced in the sentence as it disrupts the flow. It seems to modify 'shelf,' but it actually relates to the subject's action. Placing it after 'orange juice' would enhance clarity and conciseness. Choice A, 'I did not see,' is the introductory part of the sentence and is correctly placed. Choices B and C, 'of orange juice' and 'on the shelf,' provide necessary information and are correctly positioned in relation to the main subject and verb.

2. Which hormone regulates the sleep-wake cycle?

A. Melatonin
B. Insulin
C. Cortisol
D. Thyroxine

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Melatonin, produced by the pineal gland, is the hormone that regulates the sleep-wake cycle. Its secretion is influenced by light exposure, with levels typically rising in the evening to promote sleep and falling in the morning to encourage wakefulness. Insulin is involved in regulating blood sugar levels, not the sleep-wake cycle. Cortisol plays a role in the body's stress response and circadian rhythm but is not the primary hormone regulating sleep-wake cycles. Thyroxine is a hormone produced by the thyroid gland that regulates metabolism, not the sleep-wake cycle.

3. When planning a cultural assessment, which component should be included?

A. Family history
B. Chief complaint
C. Medical history
D. Health-related beliefs

Correct answer: D

Rationale: When planning a cultural assessment, the nurse should include the component of health-related beliefs. Understanding a person's cultural background and beliefs about health and wellness is crucial for providing culturally competent care. Health-related beliefs can impact a person's attitudes towards illness, treatment preferences, and adherence to medical recommendations. Therefore, assessing health-related beliefs is essential for delivering effective and respectful healthcare services. Choices A, B, and C are important components of a comprehensive patient assessment but are not specific to cultural considerations. While family history, chief complaint, and medical history are pertinent to understanding a patient's health status, health-related beliefs focus specifically on the cultural aspect that influences an individual's health perceptions and behaviors.

4. Subtract 12 - 7 & 4\5.

A. 4 & 4\5
B. 5 & 4\5
C. 4 & 1\5
D. 5 & 1\5

Correct answer: C

Rationale: 12 - 7 & 4\5 equals 4 & 1\5.

5. Two organisms live in a relationship from which both benefit. What is this called?

A. Mutualism
B. Parasitism
C. Commensalism
D. Competition

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Mutualism is a type of symbiotic relationship between two organisms in which both parties benefit from the association. It is a mutually beneficial interaction where both organisms gain something valuable, such as food, protection, or some other resource. This contrasts with parasitism, where one organism benefits at the expense of the other, commensalism, where one organism benefits while the other is unaffected, and competition, where both organisms are negatively affected by their interaction.