Nursing Elites

1. How many pairs of chromosomes are in a human cell?

• A. 46
• B. 23
• C. 64
• D. 32

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 23. Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, totaling 46 chromosomes. Each pair consists of one chromosome inherited from the mother and one from the father, making a total of 46 chromosomes in a human cell. Choice A (46) is incorrect as it represents the total number of chromosomes, not pairs. Choice C (64) and D (32) are incorrect as they do not reflect the accurate number of chromosome pairs in a human cell.

2. What does nuclear binding energy represent?

• A. Separate an electron from its atom
• B. Separate protons and neutrons within a nucleus
• C. Cause nuclear fission
• D. Induce nuclear fusion

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Nuclear binding energy represents the energy required to hold protons and neutrons together within a nucleus. This energy is needed to overcome the electrostatic repulsion between positively charged protons and keep the nucleus stable. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Choice A relates to ionization energy, which is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom. Choices C and D refer to nuclear reactions (fission and fusion), which involve processes different from the concept of nuclear binding energy.

3. Which organ system is primarily responsible for transporting nutrients throughout the body?

• A. Respiratory
• B. Digestive
• C. Circulatory
• D. Nervous

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The circulatory system, also known as the cardiovascular system, is primarily responsible for transporting nutrients and oxygen throughout the body. The heart pumps blood through blood vessels, delivering essential nutrients to cells and tissues. This system consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood, working together to ensure the proper distribution of nutrients and removal of waste products. Choice A, the respiratory system, is responsible for gas exchange (oxygen and carbon dioxide) and not primarily involved in nutrient transportation. Choice B, the digestive system, is responsible for breaking down food and absorbing nutrients but does not transport nutrients throughout the body. Choice D, the nervous system, controls and coordinates body functions through electrical signals and is not directly involved in nutrient transportation.

4. An atom has 17 protons, 20 neutrons, and 17 electrons. What is its mass, in amu?

• A. 17
• B. 20
• C. 37
• D. 54

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The atomic mass of an atom is the sum of the protons and neutrons in its nucleus. In this case, the atom has 17 protons and 20 neutrons, totaling 37 particles in the nucleus. Electrons are not considered in the atomic mass calculation as their mass is negligible compared to protons and neutrons. Therefore, the mass of the atom in atomic mass units (amu) is 37.

5. Which type of carbohydrate is the main component of the cell wall in plant cells?

• A. Starch
• B. Glucose
• C. Cellulose
• D. Chitin

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Cellulose.' Cellulose is the main component of the cell wall in plant cells, providing structural support and rigidity. Starch, while a carbohydrate, is a storage form of glucose in plants and not a component of the cell wall. Glucose is a simple sugar that can be used as an energy source but is not the main component of the cell wall. Chitin is a structural carbohydrate found in the exoskeleton of arthropods and fungi, not in plant cell walls.

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