Nursing Elites

1. By examining the parts of each word, determine which of the following words refers to 'a drug that removes feeling or sensation.'

• A. Hyperalgesia
• B. Subcranial
• C. Hypoglycemic
• D. Anaesthetic

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Anaesthetic'. 'Anaesthetic' refers to a drug that removes feeling or sensation. The prefix 'ana-' means without, and the root 'esthetic' relates to sensation or feeling. 'Hyperalgesia' refers to increased sensitivity to pain, 'Subcranial' does not relate to drugs or removing sensation, and 'Hypoglycemic' refers to low blood sugar levels, not a drug that removes feeling or sensation.

2. Which of Mendel's Laws states that alleles for a gene segregate during gamete formation?

• A. Law of Independent Assortment
• B. Law of Segregation
• C. Law of Dominance
• D. Law of Probability

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The Law of Segregation, proposed by Gregor Mendel, states that alleles for a gene segregate during gamete formation. This means that each parent passes on only one allele for each gene to their offspring. This law explains how genetic diversity is maintained and how different combinations of alleles are generated in offspring. The Law of Independent Assortment (option A) is not the correct answer as it states that alleles of different genes assort independently of each other during gamete formation, not specifically alleles of a single gene. The Law of Dominance (option C) is incorrect as it pertains to the expression of alleles rather than their segregation during gamete formation. The Law of Probability (option D) is also incorrect as it is a general concept describing the likelihood of events, not specifically related to alleles segregating during gamete formation.

3. What is the energy required to break a chemical bond called?

• A. Kinetic energy
• B. Potential energy
• C. Activation energy
• D. Bond energy

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Activation energy is the energy required to break a chemical bond and initiate a chemical reaction. It is the minimum amount of energy needed to start a chemical reaction by breaking bonds in the reactant molecules. Kinetic energy (option A) is the energy of motion and is not directly related to breaking chemical bonds. Potential energy (option B) is stored energy that can be converted into other forms of energy but is not specifically about breaking chemical bonds. Bond energy (option D) refers to the energy required to break a particular chemical bond in a molecule and is not the general term for the energy needed to break any chemical bond. Activation energy is crucial in determining the rate of a chemical reaction as it affects the probability of reactant molecules colliding with sufficient energy to surpass the energy barrier and form products.

4. Which feedback loops are less common and sometimes harmful because they enhance stimuli rather than inhibit them?

• A. Negative feedback loop
• B. Positive feedback loop
• C. Inhibitory feedback loop
• D. Stimulating feedback loop

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Correct. Positive feedback loops enhance or amplify changes, which can sometimes be harmful as they drive processes further from equilibrium. In contrast, negative feedback loops work to counteract deviations from a set point, promoting stability. Choice A, 'Negative feedback loop,' is incorrect because negative feedback loops inhibit or reduce changes, promoting stability. Choice C, 'Inhibitory feedback loop,' is incorrect as it is synonymous with negative feedback loops. Choice D, 'Stimulating feedback loop,' is incorrect as it inaccurately describes the nature of positive feedback loops.

5. The glittering lights in the garden were meant to entrance the guests as they arrived. What is the meaning of the homograph 'entrance' as used in the sentence above?

• A. enter
• B. passage
• C. opportunity
• D. enchant

Correct answer: D

Rationale: In this context, 'entrance' is used as a verb meaning to enchant or captivate. The glittering lights were intended to captivate or charm the guests as they arrived, not to physically enter them (choice A), provide a passage (choice B), or present an opportunity (choice C). Therefore, the correct answer is 'enchant.'

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