Nursing Elites

1. A tuberculin skin test should be read within 24 hours of administration.

• A. of
• B. before
• C. after
• D. during

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct preposition to use after 'within 24 hours' in this context is 'of.' Therefore, the tuberculin skin test should be read within 24 hours of administration. The other choices ('before,' 'after,' 'during') do not correctly convey the relationship between the timing of reading the test and the administration.

2. What does Macmillan's invention of the bicycle signify?

• A. He made important changes in bicycle design.
• B. He invented the first bicycle with pedals.
• C. He developed the modern chain drive.
• D. He improved the safety of bicycles.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Macmillan's invention of pedals was a significant milestone in bicycle history as it allowed for quicker and more efficient travel. The provided extract mentions that Macmillan's bicycle had foot-operated cranks like pedals, which enabled the rider to travel at a quick pace. This innovation marked a crucial development in the evolution of bicycles. While choices A, C, and D are related to advancements in bicycle design and safety, the key significance of Macmillan's invention lies in introducing pedals to bicycles, making choice B the correct answer.

3. How do the intercostal muscles between the ribs assist with respiration?

• A. By protecting the delicate bronchioles and alveoli
• B. By signaling a decrease in intra-alveolar pressure
• C. By enlarging and reducing the space in the thorax
• D. By maintaining a medial separation between pleurae

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The intercostal muscles located between the ribs play a crucial role in respiration by aiding in the enlargement and reduction of the space in the thorax. During inspiration, these muscles contract, lifting the rib cage, which increases the volume of the thoracic cavity and allows the lungs to expand and fill with air. This process directly relates to the expansion of the thorax rather than protecting bronchioles and alveoli (Choice A), signaling intra-alveolar pressure changes (Choice B), or maintaining the separation between pleurae (Choice D). Therefore, the correct answer is C.

4. In the solid state, you would expect a nonmetal to be _________.

• A. brittle
• B. lustrous
• C. malleable
• D. conductive

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In the solid state, you would expect a nonmetal to be brittle. Nonmetals generally lack the malleability and ductility of metals, which makes them prone to being brittle and easily fractured under stress. This property is due to the lack of metallic bonding in nonmetals, which results in a more rigid and less flexible structure. Choice B, 'lustrous,' is incorrect because nonmetals typically do not exhibit a shiny or reflective surface like metals do. Choice C, 'malleable,' is also incorrect as nonmetals lack the ability to be hammered or rolled into thin sheets like metals. Choice D, 'conductive,' is incorrect since nonmetals are generally poor conductors of electricity compared to metals.

5. A farmer wants to plant trees around the outside boundaries of his rectangular field with dimensions of 650 meters × 780 meters. Each tree requires 5 meters of free space all around it from the stem. How many trees can he plant?

• A. 572
• B. 568
• C. 286
• D. 282

Correct answer: C

Rationale: To determine the number of trees, reduce the field dimensions by 10 meters (5 meters of space on each side). The effective area is 640 meters × 770 meters. Each tree occupies 10 meters × 10 meters. Dividing the effective area by the space for each tree gives: (640 × 770) ÷ (10 × 10) = 286 trees. Choice A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not consider the reduction in field dimensions and the space required for each tree.

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