Nursing Elites

1. A student reads the following sentence: A hundred years ago, automobiles were rare, but now cars are ubiquitous. However, she doesn't know what the word ubiquitous means. Which key context clue is essential to decipher the word's meaning?

• A. Ago
• B. Cars
• C. Now
• D. Rare

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The key context clue essential to decipher the word 'ubiquitous' is the word 'now.' By comparing the rarity of automobiles a hundred years ago to their ubiquity now, the student can infer that 'ubiquitous' means something that is commonplace or found everywhere. Choice A ('Ago') refers to the past and does not provide information about the current state of cars. Choice B ('Cars') only contrasts rare and ubiquitous without indicating the change over time. Choice D ('Rare') simply contrasts with 'ubiquitous' without showing the transition from rarity to ubiquity.

2. What is the meaning of the idiom 'to cross that bridge when we come to it'?

• A. To deal with a problem immediately
• B. To plan for the future in detail
• C. To worry about potential problems prematurely
• D. To avoid difficult situations

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. The idiom 'to cross that bridge when we come to it' means to deal with challenges as they arise, not worrying about them prematurely. It suggests addressing problems when they actually occur rather than stressing over potential issues in advance. Choice A, 'To deal with a problem immediately,' is incorrect because the idiom is about not addressing problems prematurely. Choice B, 'To plan for the future in detail,' is incorrect as it goes against the essence of the idiom, which is about dealing with issues when they happen, not planning extensively in advance. Choice D, 'To avoid difficult situations,' is incorrect as the idiom implies facing challenges when they present themselves rather than avoiding them.

3. Logan had already forgiven Marianne for telling his secret, and so when he was presented with a chance to treat her in kind, he simply did what he did best—he kept his mouth shut. Which of the words in the sentence above is a past participle?

• A. telling
• B. forgiven
• C. and
• D. treat

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is 'forgiven' as it is a past participle. A past participle is used to indicate an action that has already occurred in the past. In this sentence, 'forgiven' describes the state of Logan having forgiven Marianne. Choice A, 'telling', is a present participle, not a past participle, which is used for ongoing or continuous actions. Choice C, 'and', is a conjunction that connects phrases or words. Choice D, 'treat', is a verb in its base form, not a past participle.

4. Identify the determiner in the following sentence:

• A. happily
• B. branches
• C. few
• D. tree

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The determiner in the sentence is 'few.' Determiners specify the quantity or identity of a noun. In this case, 'few' indicates the number of birds present. Choice A, 'happily,' is an adverb modifying a verb or an adjective, not a determiner. Choice B, 'branches,' is a noun referring to parts of a tree, not a determiner. Choice D, 'tree,' is a noun identifying the main subject of the sentence, not a determiner.

5. What is the structure of the following sentence? The restaurant is unconventional because it serves both Chicago-style pizza and New York-style pizza.

• A. Simple
• B. Compound
• C. Complex
• D. Compound-complex

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The sentence is classified as complex because it contains one independent clause 'The restaurant is unconventional' and one dependent clause 'because it serves both Chicago-style pizza and New York-style pizza.' A simple sentence consists of just one independent clause, a compound sentence contains two or more independent clauses, and a compound-complex sentence has at least two independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses. In this sentence, the dependent clause 'because it serves both Chicago-style pizza and New York-style pizza' cannot stand alone as a complete sentence, making it a complex sentence structure.

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