Nursing Elites

1. An uncharged atom has an electron configuration of 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 and a mass number of 14. How many protons does it have?

• A. 14
• B. 6
• C. 8
• D. 12

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B (6 protons). The electron configuration provided corresponds to the element carbon, which has 6 protons. The mass number does not affect the number of protons in an atom, so despite the mass number of 14, the atom still contains 6 protons. Choice A (14) is incorrect because the mass number does not determine the number of protons. Choices C (8) and D (12) are incorrect as they do not match the number of protons in a carbon atom.

2. Which property of a substance describes its ability to conduct heat or electricity?

• A. Reactivity
• B. Conductivity
• C. Density
• D. Viscosity

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Conductivity is the correct property that describes a substance's ability to conduct heat or electricity. Reactivity is related to how readily a substance undergoes chemical reactions, not its ability to conduct heat or electricity. Density refers to the mass per unit volume of a substance, which is different from its ability to conduct heat or electricity. Viscosity measures a substance's resistance to flow, not its ability to conduct heat or electricity.

3. Which element has the same number of protons and neutrons?

• A. Carbon (C)
• B. Oxygen (O)
• C. Lithium (Li)
• D. Helium (He)

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is Helium (He). Helium has an atomic number of 2, meaning it has 2 protons. It also has 2 neutrons, which gives it a total mass number of 4. Therefore, Helium is an example of an element with an equal number of protons and neutrons. Choice A (Carbon) has 6 protons and usually has more neutrons than protons. Choice B (Oxygen) has 8 protons and 8 neutrons, so the numbers are not equal. Choice C (Lithium) has 3 protons and usually has more neutrons than protons, so it does not fit the criteria of having the same number of protons and neutrons.

4. Which of the following minerals is important for bone health and is stored in bones by the skeletal system?

• A. Iron
• B. Sodium
• C. Calcium
• D. Magnesium

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is Calcium (Choice C). Calcium is essential for bone health and is stored in bones by the skeletal system. Bones act as a reservoir for calcium, playing a critical role in maintaining bone strength and density. Iron, sodium, and magnesium are important for various bodily functions but are not primarily stored in bones for bone health. Iron is crucial for oxygen transport, sodium helps regulate fluid balance, and magnesium is involved in over 300 enzymatic reactions in the body.

5. Which respiratory structure is responsible for vocalization and sound production?

• A. Trachea
• B. Larynx
• C. Bronchi
• D. Alveoli

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Larynx. The larynx, also known as the voice box, is the respiratory structure responsible for vocalization and sound production. It contains the vocal cords, which vibrate as air passes through, producing sound. The trachea (A) connects the larynx to the bronchi. While the trachea serves as the windpipe, it is not directly involved in sound production. Bronchi (C) are airway passages that branch off from the trachea and lead to the lungs, but they are not responsible for vocalization. Alveoli (D) are tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs, but they are not involved in sound production.

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