NCLEX NCLEX-PN
Health Promotion and Maintenance NCLEX PN Questions
1. The LPN needs to determine the client’s respiratory rate. What is the best technique to do this?
- A. Tell the client you need to count their respiratory rate.
- B. Subtly watch the client from across the room when they are doing an activity.
- C. Ask the client to sit still for 30 seconds.
- D. Count respirations while pretending to check the client’s pulse.
Correct answer: Count respirations while pretending to check the client’s pulse.
Rationale: The best technique to determine a client's respiratory rate is to count respirations while pretending to check the client’s pulse. You should not inform the client that you are counting their respirations, as this might lead to a change in their breathing pattern. Pretending to check the pulse allows you to be close to the client without revealing that you are assessing their respiratory rate. Asking the client to sit still may not be as effective, as it may cause them to concentrate on their breathing. Watching from across the room may not provide an accurate assessment of respirations, as they might be difficult to observe.
2. When providing perineal care to a female client, how should the nurse perform the procedure?
- A. with gloves, washing the perineal area from front to back
- B. without gloves, having the client perform all care
- C. with gloves, washing the perineal area from back to front
- D. without gloves, pouring water from a sterile bottle
Correct answer: A
Rationale: When providing perineal care to a female client, the nurse should wear gloves and wash the perineal area from front to back. This technique helps prevent the introduction of E. coli and other bacteria into the urethra, reducing the risk of urinary tract infections. Washing from back to front can introduce bacteria from the anal area to the urethra, leading to infections. Performing the procedure without gloves or having the client perform all care does not adhere to infection control practices. Pouring water from a sterile bottle alone may not ensure proper cleansing and infection prevention. Therefore, choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not follow proper perineal care guidelines.
3. A nurse, assigned to care for a hospitalized child who is 8 years old, assists with planning care, taking into account Erik Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development. According to Erikson’s theory, which task represents the primary developmental task of this child?
- A. Developing a sense of control over self and body functions
- B. Mastering useful skills and tools
- C. Gaining independence from parents
- D. Developing a sense of trust in the world
Correct answer: Mastering useful skills and tools
Rationale: According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, the primary task for an 8-year-old child aligns with the stage of industry versus inferiority. This stage focuses on mastering useful skills and tools of the culture, emphasizing competence in various areas. Option A, 'Developing a sense of control over self and body functions,' is more characteristic of the toddler stage, emphasizing autonomy and self-regulation. Option C, 'Gaining independence from parents,' is more relevant to the adolescent stage, where identity development and autonomy become crucial. Option D, 'Developing a sense of trust in the world,' pertains to the infant stage, highlighting the importance of forming secure attachments. Therefore, the correct answer is B as it directly corresponds to the developmental tasks associated with an 8-year-old child according to Erikson's theory.
4. A client with schizophrenia says, 'I'm away for the day ... but don't think we should play … or do we have feet of clay?' Which alteration in the client's speech does the nurse document?
- A. Neologism
- B. Word salad
- C. Clang association
- D. Associative looseness
Correct answer: Associative looseness
Rationale: The correct answer is 'Associative looseness.' In the provided speech, the client shows associative looseness by making loose connections between phrases without a clear logical link. Clang association involves rhyming words without regard for their meaning. Neologism refers to made-up words with specific meaning to the client, and word salad is a jumble of words that lack coherence either to the listener or the client. Understanding these speech patterns associated with schizophrenia is crucial in identifying the specific alteration in speech displayed by the client in this scenario.
5. When discussing birth control methods with a client, what major factor should a nurse focus on to provide the motivation needed for consistent implementation of a birth control method?
- A. Personal preference
- B. Work and home schedules
- C. Family planning goals
- D. Desire to have children in the future
Correct answer: Personal preference
Rationale: When discussing birth control methods with a client, a nurse should focus on the client's personal preference as a major factor that will provide the motivation needed for consistent implementation of a birth control method. Personal preference plays a key role in ensuring that the chosen method aligns with the client's lifestyle and values, increasing the likelihood of adherence. While work and home schedules, family planning goals, and the desire to have children in the future can influence the choice of birth control method, they are not the primary motivating factors for consistent implementation. Personal preference is crucial as it empowers the client to select a method that suits their individual needs and preferences, ultimately leading to better compliance and effectiveness.
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