NCLEX-PN
Safe and Effective Care Environment Nclex PN Questions
1. The LPN is caring for a client with an NG tube, and the RN administers evening medications through the NG tube. The client asks if he can lie down when the nurse leaves the room. What is the most appropriate response?
- A. You can lie down in 1 hour.
- B. You can lie down in 30 minutes if your NG residual is below 50 mL.
- C. You can lie down in about 30 minutes.
- D. Yes, feel free to lie down.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: After administering medication through an NG tube, the client should remain upright for 30 minutes to ensure proper absorption of the medications. Therefore, the most appropriate response is to advise the client to lie down in 1 hour. Choice B is incorrect because waiting only 30 minutes may not provide sufficient time for the medications to be fully absorbed, as the recommended time is 30 minutes. Choice C is misleading as it incorrectly suggests that lying down in about 30 minutes is acceptable, which could compromise medication effectiveness. Choice D is incorrect as it does not provide accurate information regarding the appropriate timing for lying down after NG tube medication administration, potentially leading to decreased medication absorption.
2. What is the most effective way to prevent skin breakdown?
- A. assistive devices
- B. repositioning
- C. topical medications
- D. avoiding tape and bandages
Correct answer: V
Rationale: Repositioning is the most effective way to prevent skin breakdown. Repositioning helps relieve pressure on specific areas of the skin, reducing the risk of developing pressure ulcers. While assistive devices (Choice A) may be beneficial in some cases, they are not universally as effective as repositioning. Topical medications (Choice C) are primarily used for treating skin conditions and are not the primary focus for preventing skin breakdown. Avoiding tape and bandages (Choice D) is crucial to prevent skin irritation, but repositioning remains the most effective method to prevent skin breakdown.
3. Which of the following nursing diagnoses might be appropriate as Parkinson's disease progresses and complications develop?
- A. Impaired Physical Mobility
- B. Dysreflexia
- C. Hypothermia
- D. Impaired Dentition
Correct answer: A
Rationale: As Parkinson's disease progresses and complications develop, impaired physical mobility is a relevant nursing diagnosis due to symptoms like a shuffling gait and rigidity that can impair movement. Dysreflexia is not typically associated with Parkinson's disease; it is more commonly seen in spinal cord injuries. Hypothermia is a condition of low body temperature and is not directly related to Parkinson's disease progression. Impaired Dentition involves issues with teeth and oral health, which are not specific to Parkinson's disease complications.
4. The LPN is receiving the report on a comatose client at the start of the shift at 1500. What statement should be of most concern?
- A. The client was repositioned on his right side at 1100.
- B. The client was bathed, and the skin was assessed head-to-toe at 0900 with no abnormal findings.
- C. The client's PEG tube was changed 6 months ago.
- D. The client's indwelling urinary catheter was last changed 5 days ago.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: When caring for a comatose client, it is crucial to monitor and maintain the integrity of the indwelling urinary catheter to prevent urinary tract infections and other complications. Changing the urinary catheter less frequently than recommended increases the risk of infection. In this scenario, the most concerning issue is the prolonged duration since the last change of the indwelling urinary catheter, which poses an immediate risk to the client's health. While repositioning every 2 hours is essential to prevent skin breakdown, the most critical aspect in this case is the catheter care. Bathing and skin assessment are important for overall hygiene and skin integrity but are not as urgent as catheter care. The timing of the PEG tube change, while relevant for care planning, is not as immediate a concern as the indwelling urinary catheter status.
5. When placing a Foley catheter in a female client, what is the correct order of steps?
- A. E, A, F, B, C, G, D
- B. A, E, B, F, G, D, C
- C. A, E, F, B, C, G, D
- D. E, A, F, B, C, G, D
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct order for placing a Foley catheter in a female client is as follows: E. Place the client in a supine position with flexed knees, A. Prepare the sterile field, F. Place lubricant on the catheter, B. Separate labia with the non-dominant hand, C. Clean the urinary meatus using cleansing solutions and forceps, G. Place the catheter in the meatus with the dominant (sterile) hand, and D. Inflate the catheter balloon. This sequence ensures proper hygiene, patient comfort, and reduces the risk of infection. Incorrect sequences could compromise sterility, cause discomfort, and increase the risk of infection. Therefore, the correct answer is E, A, F, B, C, G, D.
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