NCLEX-PN
Safe and Effective Care Environment Nclex PN Questions
1. In a disaster triage situation, which of the following should the nurse be least concerned with regarding a client in crisis?
- A. ability to breathe
- B. pallor or cyanosis of the skin
- C. number of accompanying family members
- D. motor function
Correct answer: C
Rationale: During a disaster triage situation where quick decisions are crucial, the nurse's primary focus should be on factors directly related to the patient's immediate condition and survival. The ability to breathe, pallor or cyanosis of the skin, and motor function are critical indicators of a patient's health status and need for urgent intervention. In contrast, the number of accompanying family members, although important for emotional support, is not a priority when assessing and prioritizing care during a crisis. While emotional support is valuable, the focus in triage is on identifying and addressing the most critical and life-threatening issues first to maximize survival chances. Therefore, the nurse should be least concerned with the number of accompanying family members as it does not directly impact the patient's immediate medical needs in a crisis situation. Choices A, B, and D are all crucial factors to assess a client's health status and determine the urgency of intervention during a disaster triage. The ability to breathe indicates respiratory function, pallor or cyanosis of the skin reflect circulatory and oxygenation status, and motor function can hint at neurological impairment or injury, all of which are vital in determining the severity of the crisis and the immediate medical needs of the patient.
2. A case management clinical pathway for congestive heart failure might include all of the following except:
- A. physician follow-up appointments with transportation
- B. client education regarding medication use
- C. a nutritional consult for diet review and accommodation
- D. insurance review for reimbursement
Correct answer: D
Rationale: In a case management clinical pathway for congestive heart failure, the focus is on providing medical care and support to the patient. Choices A, B, and C are integral parts of managing congestive heart failure. Physician follow-up appointments with transportation ensure continuity of care, client education about medication use is crucial for adherence, and a nutritional consult helps in managing the patient's diet. However, insurance review for reimbursement is not typically part of the clinical pathway as it pertains to financial aspects and is usually handled by billing departments or external agencies. Therefore, the correct answer is 'insurance review for reimbursement.'
3. What is mammography used to detect?
- A. pain
- B. tumor
- C. edema
- D. epilepsy
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Mammography is a diagnostic imaging technique specifically designed to detect tumors, cysts, or other abnormalities in breast tissue. It is not used to detect pain, edema, or epilepsy. Pain is a symptom, not a condition that mammography can detect. Edema refers to swelling and is not detectable through mammography. Epilepsy is a neurological disorder, not a condition detected by mammography.
4. Which of the following statements indicates adequate dietary understanding in a client with constipation?
- A. "I should decrease my intake of fluids."?
- B. "I should decrease my level of activity."?
- C. "I should increase my intake of apples."?
- D. "I should increase my intake of milk."?
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is, "I should increase my intake of apples."? This statement indicates adequate dietary understanding in a client with constipation because apples are a good source of fiber, which helps alleviate constipation. Adequate fiber intake is essential for promoting bowel regularity. Choices A and B are incorrect as decreasing fluids and activity level can worsen constipation. Insufficient fluid intake can lead to hard stools, exacerbating constipation. Decreasing activity can also slow down bowel movements. Choice D is incorrect because milk is not a high-fiber food and may not effectively address constipation. While milk can have a mild laxative effect on some individuals, it is not a primary solution for constipation, especially when compared to high-fiber foods like apples.
5. The LPN is auscultating for bowel sounds and hears between 3 and 4 bowel sounds per minute. This is a somewhat expected finding for which of these clients?
- A. a 63-year-old female undergoing chemotherapy for breast cancer
- B. a 56-year-old female with dementia undergoing a swallow study
- C. a 34-year-old male with a PEG tube newly admitted for diabetic ketoacidosis
- D. a 45-year-old male recovering from a knee replacement under general anesthesia
Correct answer: D
Rationale: When recovering from general anesthesia, hypoactive bowel sounds can be expected due to the effects of the anesthesia on gut motility. For the other clients, hearing less than 5 bowel sounds per minute would indicate an abnormal finding. In the context of the given situation, the client recovering from knee replacement surgery aligns with the expected range of bowel sounds post-general anesthesia. Therefore, choice D is the correct answer. Choices A, B, and C present scenarios where hearing less than 5 bowel sounds per minute would be abnormal, indicating potential issues that need further evaluation.
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