NCLEX-PN
Safe and Effective Care Environment Nclex PN Questions
1. The LPN is auscultating for bowel sounds and hears between 3 and 4 bowel sounds per minute. This is a somewhat expected finding for which of these clients?
- A. a 63-year-old female undergoing chemotherapy for breast cancer
- B. a 56-year-old female with dementia undergoing a swallow study
- C. a 34-year-old male with a PEG tube newly admitted for diabetic ketoacidosis
- D. a 45-year-old male recovering from a knee replacement under general anesthesia
Correct answer: D
Rationale: When recovering from general anesthesia, hypoactive bowel sounds can be expected due to the effects of the anesthesia on gut motility. For the other clients, hearing less than 5 bowel sounds per minute would indicate an abnormal finding. In the context of the given situation, the client recovering from knee replacement surgery aligns with the expected range of bowel sounds post-general anesthesia. Therefore, choice D is the correct answer. Choices A, B, and C present scenarios where hearing less than 5 bowel sounds per minute would be abnormal, indicating potential issues that need further evaluation.
2. Which of the following statements indicates that the provider understands how to promote rest and sleep for the client?
- A. If you would prefer not to be disturbed, we can postpone all vital signs and assessments until tomorrow morning.
- B. With your physical therapy appointments, you cannot nap more during the day even if your sleep is often interrupted at nighttime.
- C. I can try to incorporate any sleep rituals or an ideal bedtime into your routine.
- D. We cannot group together medications, assessments, and other interventions so you may have multiple interruptions at night.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is, 'I can try to incorporate any sleep rituals or an ideal bedtime into your routine.' To promote rest and sleep, the provider should consider incorporating the client's preferred sleep rituals or bedtime routine. This statement shows an understanding of the importance of individualizing care to promote restful sleep. Choices A, B, and D do not directly address promoting rest and sleep. Choice A focuses on postponing assessments, Choice B addresses napping during the day, and Choice D mentions multiple interruptions at night, none of which directly support promoting rest and sleep for the client.
3. After administering medication through an NG tube, the client asks if he can lie down when the nurse leaves the room. What is the most appropriate response?
- A. You can lie down in 1 hour.
- B. You can lie down in 5 minutes if your NG residual is below 50 mLs.
- C. You can lie down in about 30 minutes.
- D. Yes, feel free to lie down.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is to inform the client that they can lie down in about 30 minutes. After administering medication through an NG tube, it is recommended that the client remains upright for about 30 minutes to ensure proper absorption of the medications. Option A is incorrect as waiting for 1 hour is unnecessary. Option B is incorrect as the specified timeframe and condition given are not standard practice for lying down after NG tube medication administration. Option D is incorrect as it lacks guidance on the appropriate waiting time and does not emphasize the importance of waiting before lying down for optimal medication absorption.
4. A child comes to the clinic with a skin rash. The maculopapular lesions are distributed around the mouth and have honey-colored drainage. The caregiver states that the rash is getting worse and seems to spread with the child's scratching. Which of the following advisory comments should be given?
- A. The history and presentation might indicate chickenpox, a highly contagious disease.
- B. The lesions might indicate a noncontagious infection that does not require isolation.
- C. The history and presentation might indicate an infectious illness called impetigo.
- D. The lesions are not contagious unless others have open wounds or lesions themselves.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The scenario describes classic impetigo, which typically presents with maculopapular lesions around the mouth with honey-colored drainage, worsening with scratching. It is important to advise the caregiver that the history and presentation are indicative of impetigo, an infectious skin condition caused by bacteria. Treatment usually involves antibiotic therapy. Choice A is incorrect because chickenpox typically presents with a vesicular rash following a history of high fever. Choice B is incorrect as impetigo is contagious and requires precautions to prevent the spread of infection. Choice D is incorrect as impetigo is contagious irrespective of open wounds or lesions in others.
5. Which of the following statements from a client may indicate that they are at a higher risk for a fall?
- A. "I would like to get out of bed but would like to put on my non-skid socks first."?
- B. "Can you make sure the two bedrails are raised before leaving the room?"?
- C. "I think I'm ready to walk a longer distance with the cane today."?
- D. "I need to get out of bed to go to the bathroom now. I cannot find my glasses but cannot wait."?
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is 'I need to get out of bed to go to the bathroom now. I cannot find my glasses but cannot wait.' This statement indicates that the client is in a hurry and unable to find their glasses, which could increase the risk of a fall due to impaired vision. Choice A about putting on non-skid socks shows the client's awareness of fall prevention, reducing the risk. Choice B demonstrates the client's request for bedrails to be raised, which is a safety measure, reducing the risk as well. Choice C suggests the client's readiness to walk a longer distance with a cane, indicating progress in mobility but not necessarily a higher fall risk.
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