NCLEX-PN
NCLEX-PN Quizlet 2023
1. Which of the following observations is most important when assessing a client's breathing?
- A. presence of breathing and pulse rate
- B. breathing pattern and adequacy of breathing
- C. presence of breathing and adequacy of breathing
- D. patient position and adequacy of breathing
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is the presence of breathing and adequacy of breathing. It is crucial not only to confirm that the client is breathing but also to ensure that the breathing is adequate for proper oxygenation. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because while pulse rate, breathing pattern, and patient position are relevant aspects to consider, the most critical observations in assessing a client's breathing are the presence and adequacy of breathing.
2. A pregnant Asian client who is experiencing morning sickness wants to take ginger to relieve the nausea. Which of the following responses by the nurse is appropriate?
- A. "I will call your physician to see if we can start some ginger."?
- B. "We don't use home remedies in this clinic."?
- C. "Herbs are not as effective as regular medicines."?
- D. "Just eat some dry crackers instead."?
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct response is to offer to consult with the physician regarding the use of ginger, showing cultural sensitivity. Ginger is known to help relieve nausea, especially in pregnancy. Choice A is the correct answer as it respects the client's preference for a home remedy and involves the physician in the decision-making process. Choice B dismisses the client's preference for a home remedy without exploring its potential benefits. Choice C makes a generalized statement discrediting the effectiveness of herbs, which is not evidence-based and disregards the client's beliefs. Choice D offers an alternative without addressing the client's specific request, failing to acknowledge the client's autonomy and cultural background.
3. Signs of impaired breathing in infants and children include all of the following except:
- A. nasal flaring
- B. grunting
- C. seesaw breathing
- D. quivering lips
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Signs of impaired breathing in infants and children can manifest in various ways. Nasal flaring, grunting, and seesaw breathing are all indicative of respiratory distress in pediatric patients. Nasal flaring is the widening of the nostrils with breathing effort, grunting is a sound made during exhalation to try to keep the airways open, and seesaw breathing involves the chest moving in the opposite direction of the abdomen. However, quivering lips are not typically associated with impaired breathing in this context. Lip quivering is a distracter and not a common sign of respiratory distress in infants and children. Therefore, the correct answer is 'quivering lips.'
4. Erythropoietin used to treat anemia in clients with renal failure should be given in conjunction with:
- A. iron, folic acid, and B12.
- B. an increase in protein in the diet.
- C. vitamins A and C.
- D. an increase in calcium in the diet.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Erythropoietin is necessary for red blood cell (RBC) production, and in clients with renal failure who lack endogenous erythropoietin, exogenous erythropoietin is administered. However, for erythropoietin to effectively stimulate RBC production, adequate levels of iron, folic acid, and vitamin B12 are crucial. These nutrients are essential for RBC synthesis and maturation. Therefore, the correct answer is to give iron, folic acid, and B12 with erythropoietin. Choice B, an increase in protein in the diet, is not necessary for RBC production and may exacerbate uremia in clients with renal failure. Choices C and D, vitamins A and C, and an increase in calcium in the diet, respectively, are not directly related to RBC production and are not required to enhance the effectiveness of erythropoietin.
5. How can a diet high in fiber content benefit an individual?
- A. aid in weight loss.
- B. reduce diabetic ketoacidosis.
- C. lower cholesterol.
- D. reduce the need for folate.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: A diet high in fiber content can help lower cholesterol levels by reducing the absorption of cholesterol in the bloodstream. Fiber-rich foods, like grains, apples, potatoes, and beans, can aid in this process. While fiber can aid in weight loss by promoting a feeling of fullness and aiding digestion, it is not primarily for fast weight loss. Fiber does not directly reduce the risk of diabetic ketoacidosis, which is more related to managing blood sugar levels through insulin therapy and dietary control. Folate is a B vitamin that is essential for various bodily functions and is not influenced by fiber intake. Therefore, the correct answer is to lower cholesterol, as fiber plays a significant role in this benefit.
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