NCLEX-PN
Nclex Exam Cram Practice Questions
1. In an emergency situation where a client is unconscious and requires immediate surgery, what action is necessary with regard to informed consent?
- A. The healthcare team will proceed with the surgery as consent is not needed in emergencies.
- B. The healthcare team will wait until the client's family can be contacted for consent.
- C. The healthcare team will contact the hospital clergy to provide informed consent.
- D. The healthcare team will obtain consent from the client's legal guardian before proceeding.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: In emergency situations where obtaining consent is not possible due to the client's condition, healthcare providers are allowed to perform life-saving procedures without informed consent. It is assumed that the client would want to receive necessary treatment to save their life. Therefore, the correct action is for the healthcare team to proceed with the surgery as consent is not needed. Waiting to contact the client's family for consent can delay life-saving treatment, risking the client's life. Contacting the hospital clergy for consent is unnecessary and can cause further delays. Obtaining consent from the client's legal guardian is not feasible in this critical situation and may lead to a delay in providing essential care.
2. While undergoing fetal heart monitoring, a pregnant Native-American woman requests that a medicine woman be present in the examination room. Which of the following is an appropriate response by the nurse?
- A. "I will assist you in arranging to have a medicine woman present."?
- B. "We do not allow medicine women in exam rooms."?
- C. "That does not make any difference in the outcome."?
- D. "It is old-fashioned to believe in that."?
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct response is to show cultural awareness and acceptance by offering to assist in arranging for the medicine woman to be present. This demonstrates respect for the client's beliefs and preferences. Choice B is inappropriate as it dismisses the client's request without considering its cultural significance. Choice C is dismissive and does not acknowledge the client's values. Choice D is disrespectful and judgmental, undermining the client's beliefs. Therefore, the only appropriate and professional response is to support the client's request and offer assistance in accommodating it.
3. A client with a closed chest tube drainage system accidentally disconnects the chest tube while being turned by the nurse. What should the nurse do first?
- A. Submerge the end of the chest tube in a bottle of sterile water
- B. Clamp the chest tube with a Kelly clamp
- C. Call the health care provider
- D. Instruct the client to inhale and hold his breath
Correct answer: A
Rationale: When a chest tube becomes disconnected, the priority action is to immediately reattach it to the drainage system or submerge the end in a bottle of sterile water or saline solution to reestablish a water seal. This helps prevent air from entering the pleural space and causing complications. Calling the health care provider is important but not the first action in this emergency. Instructing the client to inhale and hold his breath should be avoided as it can introduce atmospheric air into the pleural space, leading to potential issues. Clamping the chest tube is generally contraindicated, especially in cases of residual air leak or pneumothorax, as it may result in a tension pneumothorax by preventing air from escaping.
4. The physician's role in case management includes all of the following except:
- A. participating in interdisciplinary planning for clients.
- B. serving as the expert for resource utilization.
- C. consulting with the case management team to facilitate timely orders as needed.
- D. contributing to the documentation of a client's needs for services.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is 'serving as the expert for resource utilization.' While physicians play a crucial role in case management, their primary focus is on medical diagnosis and treatment rather than resource utilization. Choices A, C, and D are all roles that physicians typically fulfill in case management. A physician participating in interdisciplinary planning for clients ensures comprehensive care, consulting with the case management team helps in coordinating timely orders, and contributing to the documentation of a client's needs for services aids in providing appropriate care. Therefore, serving as the expert for resource utilization does not align with the primary responsibilities of a physician in case management.
5. When a 17-year-old client arrives at the clinic suspecting a sexually transmitted infection, what information does the nurse provide concerning informed consent?
- A. She will need to sign an informed consent form.
- B. Her mother or father will need to be contacted for permission to treat her.
- C. A consent form is not needed if the problem is a sexually transmitted infection.
- D. Anyone over the age of 18 years may sign a consent form for her treatment.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Informed consent is a person's agreement to allow something, such as a treatment, to be performed. A consent form is required even if the problem is a sexually transmitted infection. If the client is a minor, the minor may sign the informed consent form in specific situations, including seeking treatment for a sexually transmitted infection. In this case, the 17-year-old client is seeking examination and treatment for a sexually transmitted infection, so she will need to sign the informed consent form. Contacting her parents for permission is not required in this situation. Choice C is incorrect because a consent form is necessary regardless of the medical issue. Choice D is incorrect because the individual's age is not the determining factor; rather, it is the nature of the medical service being sought that dictates the need for informed consent.
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