NCLEX-PN
Nclex Questions Management of Care
1. A new mother asks the nurse, 'I was told that my infant received my antibodies during pregnancy. Does that mean that my infant is protected against infections?' Which statement should the nurse make in response to the mother?
- A. The immune system of an infant is immature, and the infant is at risk for infection.
- B. The transfer of your antibodies protects your infant until the infant is 12 months old.
- C. Yes, your infant is protected from all infections.
- D. If you breastfeed, your infant is protected from infection.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The transplacental transfer of maternal antibodies supplements the infant's weak response to infection until approximately 3 to 4 months of age. While the infant starts producing immunoglobulin (Ig) soon after birth, it only reaches about 60% of the adult IgG level, 75% of the adult IgM level, and 20% of the adult IgA level by 1 year of age. Breast milk provides additional IgA protection. Although the immune system matures during infancy, full protection against infections is not achieved until early childhood, putting the infant at risk for infections. Choice B is incorrect because maternal antibody protection typically lasts around 3 to 4 months, not until the infant is 12 months old. Choice C is incorrect as infants are not shielded from all infections due to their immature immune system. Choice D is incorrect because while breastfeeding offers extra protection, it does not guarantee complete immunity against infections.
2. A nurse provides instructions to a mother about crib safety for her infant. Which statement by the mother indicates a need for further instructions?
- A. ''Wood surfaces on the crib need to be free of splinters and cracks.''
- B. ''I need to keep large toys out of the crib.''
- C. ''The distance between the slats needs to be no more than 4 inches wide to prevent entrapment of my infant's head or body.''
- D. ''The drop side needs to be impossible for my infant to release.''
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is, ''The distance between the slats needs to be no more than 4 inches wide to prevent entrapment of my infant's head or body.'' This statement indicates a need for further instructions as the distance between the slats should be no more than 2? inches to prevent entrapment of the infant's head and body, not 4 inches. Allowing a larger gap can pose a risk of entrapment or injury to the infant. Keeping large toys out of the crib is essential to prevent the infant from using them to climb out, which could result in serious injuries. Ensuring the drop side of the crib is impossible for the infant to release is crucial to prevent falls and injuries. Additionally, maintaining wood surfaces on the crib free of splinters, cracks, and lead-based paint is vital for the infant's safety and well-being.
3. The nurse notices that a family is waiting at the nursing station desk for its loved one to be brought to the unit for admission during a change-of-shift report. The nurse should:
- A. request that the family wait for its loved one in the client's room and wait to resume the report until the family has left the desk area.
- B. request that a nursing assistant bring coffee for the family while it waits at the desk and continue with the report.
- C. request that the family have a seat in the station rather than stand while awaiting its loved one.
- D. request that the family wait for its loved one in the Emergency Department waiting room.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: To protect the privacy of clients and the confidentiality of the information shared in a change-of-shift report, the family should be asked to wait in the client's room. This ensures that sensitive information is not overheard. The report should be resumed only after the family has left the desk area to maintain confidentiality. Choice B is incorrect as bringing coffee does not address the issue of maintaining confidentiality. Choice C is incorrect as standing or sitting in the station does not prevent the family from overhearing confidential information. Choice D is incorrect as the Emergency Department waiting room is not the appropriate setting for waiting during a unit admission.
4. The nurse is educating a teenage female about preventing the transmission of genital herpes. Which of the following statements should the nurse include?
- A. "Do not sit on toilet seats without protection."?
- B. "Oral sex can transmit the virus."?
- C. "This infection can be transmitted via intercourse even when you do not feel ill."?
- D. "Try to drink plenty of fluids after sex to flush the reproductive tract."?
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Genital herpes can be transmitted through oral, genital, and anal sex. It is crucial to educate the patient that the infection can be transmitted via intercourse even when asymptomatic to prevent its spread. Choice A is incorrect as sitting on toilet seats without protection does not transmit genital herpes. Choice B is incorrect because oral sex can transmit the virus. Choice D is also incorrect as drinking fluids after sex does not prevent the transmission of genital herpes.
5. Which of the following symptoms is not indicative of autonomic dysreflexia in the client with a spinal cord injury?
- A. sudden onset of headache
- B. flushed face
- C. hypotension
- D. nasal congestion
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Autonomic dysreflexia is characterized by a sudden onset of symptoms due to an overactive autonomic nervous system. Hypotension is not indicative of autonomic dysreflexia; instead, hypertension is a hallmark sign. Therefore, hypotension is the correct answer. Flushed face, sudden onset of headache, and nasal congestion are classic symptoms of autonomic dysreflexia caused by a noxious stimulus below the level of the spinal cord injury. These symptoms result from the body's attempt to regulate blood pressure when the normal feedback loop is interrupted.
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