Nursing Elites

1. While assisting with data collection, the client informs the nurse that he is having difficulty swallowing medications and food. The nurse gathers additional subjective data and documents that the client is experiencing which disorder?

• A. Pyrosis
• B. Anorexia
• C. Eructation
• D. Dysphagia

Correct answer: Dysphagia

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Dysphagia.' Dysphagia is the term used to indicate difficulty swallowing, which can occur in disorders of the throat or esophagus. Anorexia refers to a loss of appetite, not difficulty swallowing. Eructation is the medical term for belching, not difficulty swallowing. Pyrosis is heartburn, a burning sensation in the esophagus and stomach caused by the reflux of gastric acid, not difficulty swallowing.

2. When a client describes their family as having multiple wives, all of whom are sisters, married to one man, the nurse documents the family structure as?

• A. polyandry
• B. sororal
• C. nonsororal
• D. soronal

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is 'soronal.' The practice of polygamy refers to having multiple wives or husbands. When there are multiple wives who are sisters, the polygamy is designated as sororal. Polyandry refers to multiple husbands, which is rare. Nonsororal polygamy is when the wives are not sisters. Sororate polygamy specifies that a husband must marry his wife’s sister if she dies. Therefore, in this scenario, the family structure described by the client fits the definition of soronal polygamy.

3. A teenager is preparing to care for a hospitalized teenage girl who is in skeletal traction. The teenager assists with planning care knowing that which is the most likely primary concern of the teenage girl?

• A. Keeping up with schoolwork
• B. Body image
• C. Obtaining adequate rest and sleep
• D. Obtaining adequate nutrition

Correct answer: Body image

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Body image.' Adolescents, especially teenage girls, are often preoccupied with their appearance and body image. When facing a situation like being in skeletal traction, which can affect their physical appearance, body image becomes a primary concern. Concerns about body image can significantly impact their self-esteem and emotional well-being. Choice A, 'Keeping up with schoolwork,' is important but typically not the primary concern in this context. Choices C and D, 'Obtaining adequate rest and sleep' and 'Obtaining adequate nutrition,' are crucial for overall health but are secondary to the significant impact that body image concerns can have on a teenage girl in this situation.

4. A home health care nurse is visiting a male African American client who was recently discharged from the hospital. Which family member does the nurse ensure is present when teaching the client about his prescribed medications?

• A. The client's grandson
• B. The client's mother
• C. The client's father
• D. The client's son

Correct answer: The client's mother

Rationale: In the African American family structure, the woman, especially the mother, often plays a central role in healthcare decisions and maintaining family health. It is essential for the nurse to involve the client's mother in teaching him about his prescribed medications as she may be responsible for his care and treatment decisions. While other family members may also be involved, the African American family is often matrifocal, emphasizing the importance of the mother's role. Therefore, it is crucial for the nurse to ensure the client's mother is present during medication teaching. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not align with the traditional African American family structure and the role of women in healthcare decisions.

5. During an interview, what action should a nurse conducting an interview with a client take to collect subjective data?

• A. Takes minimal notes to avoid impeding observation of the client’s nonverbal behaviors
• B. Takes a great deal of notes to allow the client to continue at his or her own pace as the nurse records what he or she is saying
• C. Takes notes because this allows the nurse to break eye contact with the client, which may increase the client’s level of comfort
• D. Takes notes to allow the nurse to shift attention away from the client, which may make the nurse more comfortable

Correct answer: Takes minimal notes to avoid impeding observation of the client’s nonverbal behaviors

Rationale: During an interview, a nurse should minimize note-taking to focus on the client and not impede the conversation. Taking minimal notes allows the nurse to effectively observe the client's nonverbal behaviors, which provide valuable subjective data. Option B, taking many notes, is incorrect as it can distract the nurse from the client's cues and hinder interaction. Option C, taking notes to break eye contact, is incorrect as it may decrease the client's comfort level and disrupt communication. Option D, taking notes to shift attention away from the client, is incorrect as it diminishes the client's importance and may make them uncomfortable during sensitive discussions. Therefore, the correct approach is for the nurse to take minimal notes, ensuring effective observation of the client’s nonverbal behaviors while collecting subjective data.

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