NCLEX NCLEX-PN
Health Promotion and Maintenance NCLEX Questions
1. A pregnant client is being educated by a nurse on nutrition and foods rich in folic acid. Which food item does the nurse inform the client contains the highest amount of folic acid?
- A. Pinto beans
- B. Lettuce
- C. Oranges
- D. Broccoli
Correct answer: Pinto beans
Rationale: Pinto beans contain the highest amount of folic acid among the options provided, with 294 mcg per 1-cup serving. Oranges contain 44 mcg per 1-cup serving, lettuce contains 60 mcg per 1-cup serving, and broccoli contains 78 mcg per 1-cup serving. Therefore, pinto beans are the best choice for increasing folic acid intake during pregnancy. Choosing oranges, lettuce, or broccoli would not provide as much folic acid compared to pinto beans, making them less optimal choices for meeting folic acid requirements during pregnancy.
2. A client with which of the following conditions is at risk for developing a high ammonia level?
- A. renal failure
- B. psoriasis
- C. lupus
- D. cirrhosis
Correct answer: cirrhosis
Rationale: A client with cirrhosis is at risk for developing a high ammonia level due to impaired liver function. The liver normally converts ammonia into urea for excretion. In cirrhosis, this process is compromised, leading to elevated ammonia levels in the blood. Renal failure, psoriasis, and lupus do not typically cause high ammonia levels. Renal failure affects kidney function, while psoriasis and lupus are autoimmune conditions that do not directly impact ammonia metabolism.
3. When performing the confrontation test to assess peripheral vision, what action should the nurse take?
- A. Asks the client to identify a small object brought into the visual field
- B. Has the client cover one eye while the nurse covers one eye and slowly advances a target midline between them
- C. Covers one eye, while the client covers the opposite eye, and brings a small object into the visual field
- D. Positions at eye level with the client, covers one eye, and has the client cover the opposite eye, then brings a small object into the visual field
Correct answer: Positions at eye level with the client, covers one eye, and has the client cover the opposite eye, then brings a small object into the visual field
Rationale: When performing the confrontation test to assess peripheral vision, the nurse should position at eye level with the client, cover one eye, and have the client cover the opposite eye. This approach allows the examiner to bring a small object into the visual field to evaluate the client's peripheral vision. The test aims to compare the client's peripheral vision with the examiner's vision to identify any visual field deficits. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Choice A pertains to testing color vision, which is not part of the confrontation test. Choice B describes a different procedure that involves advancing a target midline between the client and examiner, not the correct approach for the confrontation test. Choice C is inaccurate as it fails to include the essential step of positioning at eye level with the client, making it an incorrect representation of the confrontation test.
4. The nurse is assessing the dental status of an 18-month-old child. How many teeth should the nurse expect to examine?
- A. 6
- B. 8
- C. 12
- D. 16
Correct answer: 12
Rationale: An 18-month-old child should have approximately 12 teeth. Children typically start getting teeth around 6 months of age. By subtracting 6 from the number of months in the child's age, you can calculate the expected number of teeth. For an 18-month-old child, 18 - 6 = 12 teeth. Therefore, the correct answer is 12 teeth. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not align with the expected dental development in an 18-month-old child.
5. A healthcare provider is screening patients for various vaccines. Which of the following vaccines is contraindicated during pregnancy?
- A. Diphtheria
- B. Hepatitis B
- C. Mumps
- D. Tetanus
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is Mumps. The Mumps vaccine, along with the Rubella vaccine, is contraindicated during pregnancy due to the theoretical risk of affecting the developing fetus. Diphtheria, Hepatitis B, and Tetanus vaccines are considered safe during pregnancy and are often recommended to protect both the pregnant individual and the developing fetus. Therefore, choices A, B, and D are incorrect.
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