NCLEX NCLEX-PN
Quizlet NCLEX PN 2023
1. What is the next step for a 64-year-old male diagnosed with COPD and CHF who shows a 10 lbs increase in total body weight over the last few days?
- A. Contact the patient’s physician immediately.
- B. Check the intake and output on the patient’s flow sheet.
- C. Encourage the patient to ambulate to reduce lower extremity edema.
- D. Check the patient’s vitals every 2 hours.
Correct answer: Check the intake and output on the patient’s flow sheet.
Rationale: In a patient with COPD and CHF experiencing a sudden increase in total body weight, the priority is to check the intake and output on the patient’s flow sheet to evaluate fluid balance. This assessment helps determine if the weight gain is due to fluid retention, which can exacerbate CHF. Contacting the physician may be necessary based on the intake and output findings. While encouraging ambulation is beneficial for circulation, it may not address the root cause of fluid retention. Checking vitals every 2 hours is important for monitoring stability but may not pinpoint the reason behind the weight gain.
2. When placing an IV line in a patient with active TB and HIV, which safety equipment should the nurse wear?
- A. Sterile gloves, mask, and goggles
- B. Surgical cap, gloves, mask, and proper shoewear
- C. Double gloves, gown, and mask
- D. Goggles, mask, gloves, and gown
Correct answer: Goggles, mask, gloves, and gown
Rationale: When dealing with a patient with active TB and HIV, the nurse should wear goggles, a mask, gloves, and a gown to protect themselves from potential exposure to infectious agents through respiratory secretions or blood. Surgical cap and proper shoewear are not specifically required for this procedure, making option B incorrect. Double gloving is not necessary in this scenario, hence option C is incorrect. Therefore, the correct choice is D as it includes all the essential protective equipment for this situation.
3. The anemias most often associated with pregnancy are:
- A. folic acid and iron deficiency.
- B. folic acid deficiency and thalassemia.
- C. iron deficiency and thalassemia.
- D. thalassemia and B12 deficiency.
Correct answer: folic acid and iron deficiency.
Rationale: Folic acid and iron deficiency anemia are the most common types of anemia associated with pregnancy. Approximately 50% of pregnant women experience this type of anemia. Iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy typically results from the increased plasma volume, rather than a decrease in iron levels. Moreover, if a woman has iron deficiency anemia before pregnancy, it often worsens during pregnancy. Folic acid deficiency is also prevalent during pregnancy due to the increased demand for this nutrient to support fetal development. Thalassemia and B12 deficiency, while types of anemia, are not as commonly associated with pregnancy compared to folic acid and iron deficiency anemia, making them incorrect choices in this context.
4. Hearing screening of prematurely born infants is an effective means of identifying disease and is an example of:
- A. Primary prevention.
- B. Secondary prevention.
- C. Tertiary prevention.
- D. Disability prevention.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Secondary prevention. Hearing screening for prematurely born infants falls under secondary prevention, which aims to identify and treat a condition in its early stages to prevent further complications. Primary prevention (choice A) focuses on preventing the disease from occurring, while tertiary prevention (choice C) involves managing complications and preventing disability. Choice D, disability prevention, is not a recognized category of prevention. In this context, the screening helps in early identification of hearing loss, allowing for timely intervention to prevent further impairment or complications, aligning with the principles of secondary prevention.
5. A gastroenterologist should be consulted for clients suffering from:
- A. digestive system diseases
- B. urinary system diseases
- C. female reproductive system diseases
- D. nervous system diseases
Correct answer: digestive system diseases
Rationale: A gastroenterologist specializes in treating diseases and disorders of the digestive system, including the stomach, intestines, liver, and pancreas. Therefore, clients with digestive system diseases should consult a gastroenterologist. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because urinary system diseases are managed by urologists, female reproductive system diseases by gynecologists, and nervous system diseases by neurologists.
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