Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is an indication for electroencephalography?

• A. paralysis
• B. neuropathy
• C. seizure disorder
• D. myocardial infarction

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'seizure disorder.' Electroencephalography is used to assess clients with seizure disorders by recording the brain's electrical activity. Seizure disorder is a primary indication for an EEG as it helps in diagnosing and managing seizure activity. Paralysis (choice A) is not typically an indication for an EEG as it relates to loss of muscle function rather than brain activity. Neuropathy (choice B) involves nerve damage and is not directly assessed by an EEG. Myocardial infarction (choice D) is related to heart issues and is not a condition that an EEG is used to diagnose.

2. The client with a diagnosis of hepatitis is experiencing pruritus. Which would be the most appropriate nursing intervention?

• A. Suggest that the client take warm showers once a day.
• B. Add baby oil to the client's bath water.
• C. Apply powder to the client's skin.
• D. Suggest a cool-water rinse after bathing.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Pruritus, or itching, in clients with hepatitis can be alleviated by adding moisturizing agents to bath water. Baby oil helps soothe and moisturize the skin, reducing dryness and itching. Warm showers, as in choice A, can be drying to the skin if taken too frequently, making it less suitable than adding oil to the bath water. Applying powder, as mentioned in choice C, can exacerbate dryness rather than alleviate it. Choice D suggests a cool-water rinse after bathing, which can help in retaining moisture and is less drying compared to hot water rinses.

3. When a client's postoperative pain seems to be getting worse due to grief over the recent death of their spouse, what should the nurse consider?

• A. calling the physician for an increased dosage of pain medication
• B. calling the physician for a sedative
• C. referring the client for a psychiatric consult
• D. developing interventions for grief and loss

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is developing interventions for grief and loss. In this scenario, the client's pain is not solely sensory but also affective due to grieving over the death of their spouse. It is essential to address the emotional component of pain by providing support and interventions for grief and loss. Referring the client for a psychiatric consult may not be necessary as grieving is a normal response to such a significant loss. Calling the physician for an increased dosage of pain medication or a sedative solely focuses on the sensory aspect of pain and does not address the underlying emotional distress.

4. Which of the following ethnic groups is at highest risk in the United States for pesticide-related injuries?

• A. Native American
• B. Asian-Pacific
• C. Norwegian
• D. Hispanic

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Hispanic people are at the highest risk in the United States for pesticide-related injuries due to their significant representation among migrant workers in agricultural settings. Working in such environments exposes them to pesticides more frequently, thus elevating their risk compared to other ethnic groups. In contrast, Native American, Asian-Pacific, and Norwegian populations are not as commonly engaged in agricultural work involving pesticide exposure, which makes them less susceptible to pesticide-related injuries. Therefore, the correct answer is Hispanic.

5. In an emergency situation where a client is unconscious and requires immediate surgery, what action is necessary with regard to informed consent?

• A. The healthcare team will proceed with the surgery as consent is not needed in emergencies.
• B. The healthcare team will wait until the client's family can be contacted for consent.
• C. The healthcare team will contact the hospital clergy to provide informed consent.
• D. The healthcare team will obtain consent from the client's legal guardian before proceeding.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In emergency situations where obtaining consent is not possible due to the client's condition, healthcare providers are allowed to perform life-saving procedures without informed consent. It is assumed that the client would want to receive necessary treatment to save their life. Therefore, the correct action is for the healthcare team to proceed with the surgery as consent is not needed. Waiting to contact the client's family for consent can delay life-saving treatment, risking the client's life. Contacting the hospital clergy for consent is unnecessary and can cause further delays. Obtaining consent from the client's legal guardian is not feasible in this critical situation and may lead to a delay in providing essential care.

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