Nursing Elites

1. What is the number one reason a person with alcohol addiction does not seek treatment?

• A. Co-dependency
• B. Denial
• C. Depression
• D. Stigma

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Denial. Individuals with alcohol addiction often deny that they have a drinking problem and may become defensive when confronted about it. This sense of denial can be a significant barrier to seeking treatment. Co-dependency, referred to in choice A, is a relationship dynamic and is not the primary reason for avoiding treatment. Depression, as mentioned in choice C, is a common co-occurring condition with alcohol addiction but is not typically the main factor preventing treatment-seeking. Stigma, as in choice D, can act as a deterrent, but denial of the problem itself is usually the primary obstacle to seeking help.

2. Teaching the client with gonorrhea how to prevent reinfection and further spread is an example of

• A. primary prevention
• B. secondary prevention
• C. tertiary prevention
• D. primary health care prevention

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: secondary prevention. This type of prevention focuses on reducing the impact of a disease by early detection and treatment. In the case of gonorrhea, teaching the client how to prevent reinfection and further spread falls under secondary prevention because it aims to reduce the prevalence and morbidity of the disease. Choice A (primary prevention) involves measures to prevent the disease from occurring in the first place, such as vaccination. Choice C (tertiary prevention) focuses on managing the long-term consequences of a disease to prevent complications. Choice D (primary health care prevention) is not a recognized term in prevention strategies.

3. Which of the following microorganisms is easily transmitted from client to client on the hands of healthcare workers?

• A. mycobacterium tuberculosis
• B. clostridium tetani
• C. staphylococcus aureus
• D. human immunodeficiency virus

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is staphylococcus aureus. Staphylococcus aureus microorganisms are ubiquitous and easily transmitted by healthcare workers who fail to conduct routine hand washing between clients. Staphylococcus aureus can reside on the skin and be transferred from one client to another if proper hand hygiene is not practiced. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is mainly transmitted through the airborne route, clostridium tetani is usually acquired through exposure to soil or dirt contaminated with tetanus spores, and human immunodeficiency virus is not easily transmitted through casual contact or on the hands of healthcare workers.

4. Teaching about the need to avoid foods high in potassium is most important for which client?

• A. a client receiving diuretic therapy
• B. a client with an ileostomy
• C. a client with metabolic alkalosis
• D. a client with renal disease

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Clients with renal disease are predisposed to hyperkalemia and should avoid foods high in potassium. High potassium levels can further burden the kidneys and worsen the condition. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because clients receiving diuretic therapy, with an ileostomy, or with metabolic alkalosis are at risk for hypokalemia, which is low potassium levels. Therefore, these clients should actually be encouraged to eat foods high in potassium to maintain adequate levels and prevent complications associated with hypokalemia.

5. A violation of a patient's confidentiality occurs if two nurses are discussing client information in which of the following scenarios?

• A. With a physical therapist treating the patient
• B. With a social worker planning for discharge
• C. With another nurse on duty to plan for break time
• D. In the hallway outside the patient's room

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is 'In the hallway outside the patient's room.' Discussing client information in a public area like a hallway can potentially breach patient confidentiality as it increases the risk of unauthorized individuals overhearing sensitive information. Choices A, B, and C involve discussing client information with other healthcare professionals in appropriate settings, which are more likely to maintain patient confidentiality compared to discussing in a public space like a hallway. Option D is the correct choice because it highlights a scenario where patient information is at higher risk of exposure to unauthorized individuals, hence violating patient confidentiality.

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