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Nclex 2024 Questions
1. Which of the following is not one of the three universal spiritual needs?
- A. meaning and purpose
- B. love and relatedness
- C. forgiveness
- D. God's permission
Correct answer: God's permission
Rationale: The three universal spiritual needs are meaning and purpose, love and relatedness, and forgiveness. These needs are commonly recognized across various belief systems and cultures. While the concept of God may be central to many religions, 'God's permission' is not considered a universal spiritual need. Seeking 'God's permission' is more specific to certain religious practices rather than a universally acknowledged spiritual need. Therefore, the correct answer is 'God's permission.' Choices A, B, and C are correct as they align with the generally accepted universal spiritual needs.
2. Which of the following symptoms is most characteristic of a client with lung cancer?
- A. exertional dyspnea
- B. persistent changing cough
- C. air hunger; dyspnea
- D. cough with night sweats
Correct answer: persistent changing cough
Rationale: The most characteristic symptom of lung cancer is a persistent changing cough. This cough may worsen over time and may produce blood-tinged sputum. Exertional dyspnea (Choice A) is more common in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) due to airway obstruction. Air hunger and dyspnea (Choice C) are more typical of conditions like asthma. Cough with night sweats (Choice D) is commonly associated with tuberculosis rather than lung cancer.
3. What is the most effective way to prevent skin breakdown?
- A. assistive devices
- B. repositioning
- C. topical medications
- D. avoiding tape and bandages
Correct answer: repositioning
Rationale: Repositioning is the most effective way to prevent skin breakdown. Repositioning helps relieve pressure on specific areas of the skin, reducing the risk of developing pressure ulcers. While assistive devices (Choice A) may be beneficial in some cases, they are not universally as effective as repositioning. Topical medications (Choice C) are primarily used for treating skin conditions and are not the primary focus for preventing skin breakdown. Avoiding tape and bandages (Choice D) is crucial to prevent skin irritation, but repositioning remains the most effective method to prevent skin breakdown.
4. A client, age 28, was recently diagnosed with Hodgkin’s disease. After staging, therapy is planned to include combination radiation therapy and systemic chemotherapy with MOPP—nitrogen mustard, vincristine (Onconvin), prednisone, and procarbazine. In planning care for this client, the nurse should anticipate which of the following side effects to contribute to a sense of altered body image?
- A. Cushingoid appearance
- B. Alopecia
- C. Temporary or permanent sterility
- D. Pathologic fractures
Correct answer: B: Alopecia
Rationale: The correct answer is B: alopecia. Chemotherapy drugs like vincristine and nitrogen mustard commonly cause hair loss (alopecia), which can significantly impact body image. While a Cushingoid appearance can be a side effect of long-term steroid use, it is not typically associated with the chemotherapy regimen mentioned. Temporary or permanent sterility can result from chemotherapy, affecting fertility but not directly contributing to altered body image. Pathologic fractures are not commonly linked to Hodgkin's disease or its treatment, unlike alopecia which is a well-known side effect.
5. Which nursing diagnosis has the highest priority for a client with insomnia?
- A. Ineffective breathing pattern
- B. Disturbed sensory perception
- C. Ineffective coping
- D. Sleep deprivation
Correct answer: A: Ineffective breathing pattern
Rationale: The correct answer is 'A: Ineffective breathing pattern.' When a client presents with insomnia, assessing for underlying causes is crucial. Sleep apnea, an airway issue, may be a contributing factor to the client's insomnia, making 'Ineffective breathing pattern' the priority. 'Disturbed sensory perception' focuses on alterations in touch, taste, or vision, which are not directly related to insomnia. 'Ineffective coping' addresses a client's inability to manage stress, which, although important, is not the priority in this case. 'Sleep deprivation' is a consequence of insomnia rather than a primary nursing diagnosis.
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