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PN Nclex Questions 2024
1. Lidocaine is a medication frequently ordered for the client experiencing
- A. Atrial tachycardia
- B. Ventricular tachycardia
- C. Heart block
- D. Ventricular bradycardia
Correct answer: Ventricular tachycardia
Rationale: Lidocaine is used to treat ventricular tachycardia. This medication slowly exerts an antiarrhythmic effect by increasing the electrical stimulation threshold of the ventricles without depressing the force of ventricular contractions. It is not used for atrial arrhythmias; thus, answer A is incorrect. Answers C and D are incorrect because lidocaine does not slow the heart rate, so it is not used for heart block or bradycardia.
2. When discussing the patterns of use of alcohol and other drugs, which piece of information should the nurse include?
- A. Lifetime prevalence and intensity of alcohol use are greater in men than in women.
- B. Caucasians report higher levels of alcohol use than African Americans or Hispanics.
- C. Overuse of alcohol and other drugs increases into the mid-20s, then levels off and decreases with age.
- D. Heavy use is more common in lower socioeconomic groups due to affordability.
Correct answer: Overuse of alcohol and other drugs increases into the mid-20s, then levels off and decreases with age.
Rationale: The correct answer is that overuse of alcohol and other drugs increases into the mid-20s, then levels off and decreases with age. Recent research indicates that alcohol and illicit drug use tends to rise into the mid-20s and then decline with age. Choices A and B are incorrect because lifetime prevalence and intensity of alcohol use are greater in men than in women, and Caucasians do not report higher levels of alcohol use compared to African Americans or Hispanics. Choice D is incorrect because heavy use is more common in lower socioeconomic groups due to factors like stress, coping mechanisms, and availability, not just affordability.
3. A client goes to the mental health center for difficulty concentrating, insomnia, and nightmares. The client reports being raped as a child. The nurse should assess the client for further signs of:
- A. generalized anxiety disorder.
- B. schizophrenia.
- C. post-traumatic stress disorder.
- D. bipolar disorder.
Correct answer: post-traumatic stress disorder.
Rationale: Given the history of childhood sexual abuse and the presenting symptoms of difficulty concentrating, insomnia, and nightmares, the nurse should assess the client for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Childhood sexual abuse is strongly associated with adult-onset depression and an increased risk for PTSD. Individuals with PTSD may exhibit re-experiencing symptoms such as flashbacks, nightmares, and heightened reactions to trauma triggers. They may also display emotional numbing, avoidance behaviors, and increased arousal symptoms like difficulty sleeping and hypervigilance. Generalized anxiety disorder (Choice A) is characterized by excessive worry and anxiety about various events or activities, not necessarily tied to a specific trauma. Schizophrenia (Choice B) is a severe mental disorder characterized by distortions in thinking, perception, emotions, and behavior, unrelated to the traumatic event described. Bipolar disorder (Choice D) involves mood swings between depressive and manic episodes, and its symptoms differ from those typically seen in PTSD.
4. A primigravida begins labor when her family is unavailable and she is alone. She is very upset that her family is not with her. Which approach can the nurse take to meet the client’s needs at this time?
- A. asking whether another individual wants to be her support person
- B. assuring her that a nursing staff member will be with her at all times
- C. telling her you will try to locate her family
- D. reinforcing the woman’s confidence in her own abilities to cope and maintain a sense of control
Correct answer: asking whether another individual wants to be her support person
Rationale: In this situation, the best approach for the nurse is to ask whether another individual wants to be the client's support person. This empowers the client to choose someone to be with her until her family can join her, providing the needed support and comfort. Assuring her that a nursing staff member will be with her at all times (Choice B) may not fully address her emotional needs for familiar support. Telling her you will try to locate her family (Choice C) may not be feasible in the immediate situation and may not provide immediate emotional support. While reinforcing the woman’s confidence in her own abilities (Choice D) is important, it may not fully address her current need for emotional support and presence of a companion.
5. In the context of diagnostic genetic counseling, which of the following choices is typically not made by clients?
- A. Terminating the pregnancy.
- B. Preparing for the birth of a child with special needs.
- C. Accessing support services before the birth.
- D. Completing the grieving process before the birth.
Correct answer: D: Completing the grieving process before the birth.
Rationale: In diagnostic genetic counseling, clients may face difficult decisions based on test results. Terminating the pregnancy is a choice some clients may consider if severe abnormalities are detected. Preparing for the birth of a child with special needs involves getting ready to care for a child who may require extra attention and support. Accessing support services before the birth can help clients connect with resources and professionals for assistance during and after the pregnancy. Completing the grieving process before birth is not typically a choice made in the context of genetic counseling. The grieving process often starts or continues after distressing results and can extend beyond the birth of the child. Therefore, the correct answer is completing the grieving process before the birth.
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