NCLEX NCLEX-PN
Health Promotion and Maintenance NCLEX Questions
1. A nurse is supervising a student in preparing the physical environment for an interview with a client. Which action by the student is correct?
- A. Setting the room temperature at a comfortable level
- B. Placing a chair for the client across from the nurse’s desk
- C. Providing seating for the client so that the client faces a strong light
- D. Setting up seating so that the client and nurse are not at eye level
Correct answer: Setting the room temperature at a comfortable level
Rationale: When preparing the physical environment for an interview with a client, it is crucial to ensure the client's comfort. Setting the room temperature at a comfortable level is essential for the client's well-being. Additionally, providing privacy, sufficient lighting, and removing distractions are crucial factors. It is recommended to maintain a distance of around 4 to 5 feet between the client and the nurse. Seating should be arranged so that the client and nurse are at eye level to facilitate effective communication and prevent barriers. Placing a chair across from the nurse's desk may create a physical barrier, positioning the client to face a strong light can be uncomfortable and distracting, and setting up seating so that the client and nurse are not at eye level may impede effective communication.
2. A patient has a history of cardiac arrhythmia. A nurse has been ordered to give 2 units of blood to this patient. The nurse should take which of the following actions?
- A. Administer pain medication to the patient.
- B. Inform the patient’s family about the procedure in person.
- C. Decrease the temperature of the blood to be given.
- D. Increase the temperature of the blood to be given.
Correct answer: Increase the temperature of the blood to be given.
Rationale: In patients with a history of cardiac arrhythmia, warming the blood before transfusion can help prevent additional arrhythmias. Cold blood can lead to arrhythmias and should be avoided. Administering pain medication (Choice A) is not directly related to the safe administration of blood. Informing the patient's family in person (Choice B) is important but not the immediate action required for safe transfusion. Decreasing the temperature of the blood to be given (Choice C) would increase the risk of cardiac arrhythmia, contrary to the goal of ensuring patient safety.
3. Mrs. Peterson complains of difficulty falling asleep, awakening earlier than desired, and not feeling rested. She attributes these problems to leg pain that is secondary to her arthritis. What is the most appropriate nursing diagnosis for her?
- A. Sleep Pattern Disturbances (related to chronic leg pain)
- B. Fatigue (related to leg pain)
- C. Knowledge Deficit (regarding sleep hygiene measures)
- D. Sleep Pattern Disturbances (related to chronic leg pain)
Correct answer: Sleep Pattern Disturbances (related to chronic leg pain)
Rationale: The most appropriate nursing diagnosis for Mrs. Peterson is 'Sleep Pattern Disturbances (related to chronic leg pain).' Mrs. Peterson's sleep issues are directly linked to her chronic leg pain, which is a result of her arthritis. This nursing diagnosis addresses the primary cause of her sleep disturbances and allows for interventions that focus on managing the pain to improve her sleep. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Choice A correctly identifies the relationship between sleep disturbances and chronic leg pain, addressing the root cause. Choice B is incorrect as it only focuses on fatigue and does not encompass the broader sleep issues. Choice C is not relevant as there is no indication that Mrs. Peterson lacks knowledge about sleep hygiene measures.
4. Several passengers aboard an airliner suddenly become weak and suffer breathing difficulty. The diagnosis is likely to be
- A. Outbreak of Asian flu.
- B. Chemical exposure.
- C. Bacterial pneumonia.
- D. Allergic reaction.
Correct answer: Chemical exposure.
Rationale: In the scenario described, where multiple passengers on an airliner experience sudden weakness and breathing difficulty simultaneously, the most likely cause is chemical exposure. This is because a sudden onset of similar symptoms in a group of individuals suggests a common environmental factor affecting them. Options A, C, and D are less likely as they do not explain a sudden onset of symptoms in multiple individuals simultaneously. Asian flu (Option A) is a viral infection and would not typically result in sudden symptoms in multiple individuals at the same time. Bacterial pneumonia (Option C) is a localized infection and not a probable cause for a sudden onset of symptoms in a group. An allergic reaction (Option D) would usually occur in individuals with specific allergies rather than affecting a group of passengers at the same time.
5. Which intervention should the nurse stop the nursing assistant from performing?
- A. Emptying the Jackson-Pratt drainage of the client post cholecystectomy
- B. Performing passive range of motion on the client with right-sided paralysis
- C. Placing the traction weights on the bed to transfer the client to X-ray
- D. Discarding the first urine voided by the client starting a 24-hour urine test
Correct answer: Placing the traction weights on the bed to transfer the client to X-ray
Rationale: Placing traction weights on the bed to transfer the client to X-ray is an intervention that the nurse should stop the nursing assistant from performing. Traction should never be relieved without a doctor's order as it can result in muscle spasm and tissue damage. The other choices are appropriate nursing interventions and should not be stopped. Emptying the Jackson-Pratt drainage, performing passive range of motion, and collecting the first urine void for a 24-hour urine test are all within the scope of practice and do not pose immediate risks to the client's well-being.
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