a client with suspected renal disease is to undergo a renal biopsy the nurse plans to include which statement in the teaching session

NCLEX-PN

Nclex Practice Questions 2024

1. A client with suspected renal disease is to undergo a renal biopsy. The nurse plans to include which statement in the teaching session?

A. "You will be positioned lying down during the examination procedure."?
B. "Portions of the procedure will cause pain or discomfort."?
C. "You may be given anesthesia during the procedure."?
D. "You should refrain from eating or drinking before the procedure."?

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is to inform the client that portions of the renal biopsy procedure can cause pain or discomfort, particularly when the sample is being withdrawn. This prepares the client for any unpleasant sensations during the procedure. Answer A is incorrect because the client will be positioned lying down, not sitting up, during the exam, so this information is not relevant to include in the teaching session. Answer C is incorrect as anesthesia is commonly used to numb the area for a renal biopsy, reducing pain, so the client can expect to receive anesthesia. Answer D is incorrect because clients are usually instructed to refrain from eating or drinking for a period before the procedure to prevent any complications during the biopsy, not simply before the study.

2. While walking in the hallway of an acute care unit of the hospital, the nurse overhears the change of shift report. What should the nurse do?

A. Make the charge nurse on the unit aware of the situation so that they can take the necessary steps to maintain the confidentiality of the information being reported.
B. Disregard the information because it changes quickly on the acute care unit and is outdated within 2-3 hours anyway.
C. Return to their own unit and not disclose that confidential information has been overheard.
D. Ignore the situation.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: To protect the confidentiality of the information being reported, the nurse should make the charge nurse on the unit aware of the situation. This allows the charge nurse to take necessary steps to maintain confidentiality and ensure that the information is communicated in an appropriate and private manner. Disclosing the situation to the charge nurse is essential to address any breaches in confidentiality and uphold professional standards of privacy and ethics. Disregarding the information, returning to their own unit without disclosure, or ignoring the situation altogether would not address the breach of confidentiality and could lead to further issues regarding patient privacy and trust.

3. What is the profile of an individual who engages in domestic violence?

A. from a minority culture in a low-income group.
B. from a majority culture in a middle-income group.
C. one who was never allowed to compete as a child.
D. from any walk of life, race, income group, or profession.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Individuals who engage in domestic violence come from various backgrounds and cannot be stereotyped based on demographic factors like culture, income, or race. Research shows that perpetrators of domestic abuse can be found in any walk of life, regardless of their race, income group, or profession. It is important to note that the majority of domestic violence cases involve male perpetrators and female victims, but the profile of the abuser is not limited to specific demographic features. Therefore, the correct answer is that individuals who engage in domestic violence can come from any walk of life, race, income group, or profession. Choices A and B are incorrect as they wrongly associate domestic violence with specific cultural or income groups. Choice C is incorrect as there is no evidence to support the claim that being disallowed to compete as a child leads to domestic violence.

4. A client has been taking alprazolam (Xanax) for four years to manage anxiety. The client reports taking 0.5 mg four times a day. Which statement indicates that the client understands the nurse's teaching about discontinuing the medication?

A. "I can drink alcohol now that I am decreasing my Xanax."?
B. "I should not take another Xanax pill. Here is what is left of my last prescription."?
C. "I should take three pills per day next week, then two pills for one week, then one pill for one week."?
D. "I can expect to be sleepy for several days after stopping the medicine."?

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is that the client should take three pills per day next week, then two pills for one week, and then one pill for one week. This statement indicates a gradual tapering schedule, which is crucial when discontinuing alprazolam (Xanax) to prevent withdrawal symptoms. Choice A is incorrect because alcohol should be avoided while tapering off benzodiazepines due to the increased risk of respiratory depression. Choice B is incorrect because abruptly stopping alprazolam can lead to withdrawal symptoms. Choice D is incorrect because while drowsiness can be a side effect of alprazolam, it is not the primary concern when discontinuing the medication; preventing withdrawal symptoms is the priority.

5. Who may legally give informed consent?

A. an 86-year-old male with advanced Alzheimer's disease
B. a 14-year-old girl needing an appendectomy who is not an emancipated minor
C. a 14-year-old girl needing an appendectomy who is not an emancipated minor
D. a 6-month-old baby needing bowel surgery

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is a 14-year-old girl needing an appendectomy who is not an emancipated minor. Informed consent can be given by individuals who are competent and not minors. Minors are generally unable to provide informed consent unless they are emancipated. Choice A is incorrect because an 86-year-old male with advanced Alzheimer's disease is considered incompetent to make decisions. Choice D is incorrect because a 6-month-old baby is unable to provide consent. Emancipated minors are an exception to the minor rule, as they can provide consent for their own treatment.