NCLEX NCLEX-PN
PN Nclex Questions 2024
1. The nurse is caring for a client with laryngeal cancer. Which finding ascertained in the health history would not be common for this diagnosis?
- A. Foul breath
- B. Dysphagia
- C. Diarrhea
- D. Chronic hiccups
Correct answer: Diarrhea
Rationale: Diarrhea is not a common finding in clients with laryngeal cancer. Foul breath (A), dysphagia (B), and chronic hiccups (D) are expected findings associated with laryngeal cancer. Foul breath can result from tissue breakdown in the mouth and throat. Dysphagia, or difficulty swallowing, can occur due to the tumor's location affecting the swallowing mechanism. Chronic hiccups can be a symptom of irritation to the phrenic nerves from the cancer.
2. Which of the following nursing diagnoses is most appropriate for a client with a new colostomy?
- A. Excess Fluid Volume
- B. Risk for Aspiration
- C. Disturbed Body Image
- D. Urinary Retention
Correct answer: Disturbed Body Image
Rationale: Disturbed Body Image is the most appropriate nursing diagnosis for a client with a new colostomy. A new colostomy can significantly impact a person's body image and self-esteem due to the physical changes it brings. This can lead to emotional distress, adjustment issues, and concerns about body image. Excess Fluid Volume, Risk for Aspiration, and Urinary Retention are not directly related to the psychosocial impact of a new colostomy and are therefore not as relevant in this context. While Excess Fluid Volume, Risk for Aspiration, and Urinary Retention are important nursing diagnoses, they are not the priority when considering the psychological and emotional effects of a new colostomy.
3. An Asian family has an elderly member with the latest stage of Alzheimer’s disease. The physician has recommended placement in a long-term care facility, but the family refuses. Which of the following is an appropriate response by the nurse?
- A. “You really need to listen to what the physician says.”
- B. “You will get too tired to take care of him at home.”
- C. “What can I do to assist you to care for him at home?”
- D. “You are too busy to be taking care of an elderly person.”
Correct answer: “What can I do to assist you to care for him at home?”
Rationale: The correct answer is, “What can I do to assist you to care for him at home?” This response shows cultural sensitivity and respect for the family's values. In many Asian cultures, there is a strong tradition of caring for elders at home rather than in a long-term care facility. By offering assistance to the family in caring for their elderly member at home, the nurse shows understanding and support. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not acknowledge or respect the family's cultural beliefs and values regarding caring for elderly family members.
4. The drug of choice to decrease uric acid levels is:
- A. prednisone (Colisone)
- B. allopurinol (Zyloprim)
- C. indomethacin (Indocin)
- D. hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDiuril)
Correct answer: allopurinol (Zyloprim)
Rationale: The correct answer is allopurinol (Zyloprim) as it is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor that decreases uric acid formation. Allopurinol is commonly used to manage gout by lowering uric acid levels. Prednisone is a corticosteroid used to decrease inflammation, not to lower uric acid levels. Indomethacin is an analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic agent, but it is not the drug of choice for lowering uric acid levels. Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic used to treat hypertension and edema, not to decrease uric acid levels.
5. A test that can correctly identify those who do not have a given disease is:
- A. specific.
- B. sensitive.
- C. negative culture.
- D. marginal finding.
Correct answer: specific.
Rationale: The correct answer is 'specific.' A specific test correctly identifies individuals who do not have a particular disease. In this case, since the lab culture report is negative for the suspected infection, it means the test is good at ruling out the disease. 'Sensitive' (choice B) would be incorrect as sensitivity refers to a test's ability to correctly identify individuals who do have the disease. 'Negative culture' (choice C) is incorrect as it describes the result rather than the test's characteristic. 'Marginal finding' (choice D) is unrelated to the concept of correctly identifying individuals without the disease.
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