NCLEX NCLEX-PN
Nclex PN Questions and Answers
1. What is a true statement about post-discharge follow-up?
- A. The nurse should ensure the client is educated on their discharge instructions.
- B. If the client seems stable, they likely do not need a follow-up visit.
- C. The physician is responsible for ensuring the client has their prescriptions upon discharge.
- D. If the client has questions, the nurse should address them before discharge.
Correct answer: A: The nurse should ensure the client is educated on their discharge instructions.
Rationale: The correct statement is that the nurse should ensure the client is educated on their discharge instructions. This is crucial to promote continuity of care and prevent adverse events. The responsibility of educating the client falls on the nurse, not assuming stability without a follow-up visit. While the physician may prescribe medications, it is the nurse's responsibility to ensure the client has them before discharge. Instructing the client to bring up questions at a follow-up appointment is not ideal; all questions should be addressed before discharge to ensure the client's understanding and compliance.
2. A nurse assisting with data collection is preparing to auscultate for bowel sounds. The nurse should use which technique?
- A. Begin in the right lower quadrant.
- B. Use the bell end of the stethoscope.
- C. Hold the stethoscope lightly against the skin.
- D. Listen for at least 5 minutes before deciding that bowel sounds are absent.
Correct answer: Begin in the right lower quadrant.
Rationale: To auscultate for bowel sounds, the nurse should use the diaphragm end piece of the stethoscope as bowel sounds are relatively high pitched. The stethoscope should be held lightly against the skin to avoid stimulating more bowel sounds. The nurse should begin in the right lower quadrant at the ileocecal valve, where bowel sounds are normally present. It is recommended to listen for 5 minutes before deciding that bowel sounds are absent to ensure a thorough assessment. Choice B is incorrect because the bell end is used for low-pitched sounds such as heart sounds. Choice C is incorrect as holding the stethoscope firmly and deeply can cause unnecessary bowel sound stimulation. Choice D is incorrect as listening for 1 minute is insufficient to determine the presence or absence of bowel sounds.
3. When a client informs the nurse that he is experiencing hypoglycemia, the nurse provides immediate intervention by offering:
- A. one commercially prepared glucose tablet.
- B. two hard candies.
- C. 4–6 ounces of fruit juice.
- D. 2–3 teaspoons of honey.
Correct answer: 2–3 teaspoons of honey.
Rationale: The correct answer is 2–3 teaspoons of honey. In the case of hypoglycemia, the usual recommendation for treatment is 10–15 grams of fast-acting simple carbohydrate orally if the client is conscious and able to swallow. This can be achieved by providing 2–3 teaspoons of honey. While commercially prepared glucose tablets or 4–6 ounces of fruit juice are also suitable choices, adding sugar to unsweetened juice is unnecessary as the fruit sugar in juice contains enough simple carbohydrate to raise blood glucose levels. Adding sugar could lead to a sharp and prolonged increase in blood sugar levels. Two hard candies may not provide the recommended 10–15 grams of fast-acting carbohydrate needed for quick elevation of blood glucose levels in cases of hypoglycemia.
4. A client admitted to the hospital has a do-not-resuscitate (DNR) order in his medical record. The nurse understands which information about DNR orders?
- A. The only individuals who may change the DNR order are healthcare providers
- B. The DNR order can be changed if the client's condition warrants it
- C. The DNR order does not remain fixed for the duration of the client's hospitalization
- D. The DNR order requires frequent review as specified by state or agency policy
Correct answer: The DNR order requires frequent review as specified by state or agency policy
Rationale: The correct answer is that the DNR order requires frequent review as specified by state or agency policy. If the client’s condition changes, the DNR order may need to be changed. For this reason, DNR orders require frequent review as specified by state or agency policy. A DNR order may be changed at any time and does not remain in effect for the duration of the client’s hospitalization. The client’s request regarding DNR status is the priority. Choice A is incorrect because healthcare providers, not just immediate family members, may change the DNR order based on the client's condition. Choice B is incorrect as DNR orders can be changed if the client's condition warrants it, not remaining unchanged. Choice C is incorrect as DNR orders are not fixed for the duration of hospitalization, they can be modified based on the client's needs.
5. A client who has a known history of cardiac problems and is still smoking enters the clinic complaining of sudden onset of sharp, stabbing pain that intensifies with a deep breath. The pain is occurring on only one side and can be isolated upon general assessment. The nurse concludes that this description is most likely caused by:
- A. pleurisy.
- B. pleural effusion.
- C. atelectasis.
- D. tuberculosis.
Correct answer: pleurisy.
Rationale: Pleurisy is an inflammation of the pleura and is often accompanied by an abrupt onset of pain. Symptoms of pleurisy include sudden sharp, stabbing pain that is usually unilateral and localized to a specific portion of the chest. The pain can be exacerbated by deep breathing. In contrast, pleural effusion is characterized by fluid accumulation in the pleural space, not sharp pain. Atelectasis involves collapse or closure of a lung leading to reduced gas exchange, but it does not typically present with sharp, stabbing pain. Tuberculosis is a bacterial infection that can affect the lungs but does not typically manifest with sudden sharp pain exacerbated by deep breathing.
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