NCLEX NCLEX-PN
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1. Which of the following foods is a complete protein?
- A. corn
- B. eggs
- C. peanuts
- D. sunflower seeds
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Eggs are considered a complete protein because they contain all nine essential amino acids required by the human body. In contrast, corn, peanuts, and sunflower seeds are incomplete proteins as they lack one or more essential amino acids. Corn, although a staple food for many cultures, is deficient in the amino acids lysine and tryptophan. Peanuts are low in the amino acid methionine, and sunflower seeds are low in lysine. Therefore, eggs are the correct answer as a complete protein source.
2. A hepatitis B screen is performed on a pregnant client, and the results indicate the presence of antigens in the client’s blood. On the basis of this finding, the nurse makes which determination?
- A. Hepatitis immune globulin and vaccine will be administered to the newborn infant soon after birth
- B. The results are negative.
- C. The results indicate that the mother does not have hepatitis B
- D. The client needs to receive the hepatitis B series of vaccines.
Correct answer: Hepatitis immune globulin and vaccine will be administered to the newborn infant soon after birth
Rationale: A hepatitis B screen is performed to identify antigens in maternal blood. If antigens are present, it indicates that the mother is a carrier, and the newborn will need to receive hepatitis immune globulin and vaccine soon after birth to prevent transmission. Therefore, choice A is correct. Choices B and C are incorrect because the presence of antigens indicates a positive result, not a negative one or the absence of hepatitis B in the mother. Choice D is incorrect as it suggests the client needs to receive the hepatitis B series of vaccines, which is not the immediate action required when antigens are found in the maternal blood.
3. A client reports that he is 'talking to the voices.' The nurse observes this behavior. The nurse’s next action should be:
- A. touching the client to help him return to reality
- B. leaving the client alone until reality returns
- C. asking the client to describe what is happening
- D. telling the client there are no voices
Correct answer: touching the client to help him return to reality
Rationale: When a client reports talking to voices, the nurse should engage in a gentle touch to help the client return to reality. It is important for the nurse to acknowledge the client's experience and attempt to redirect them gently. Touch can provide grounding and connection. Asking the client to describe what is happening can be overwhelming and might exacerbate the situation. Leaving the client alone may not be safe or therapeutic as the client may need support. Telling the client there are no voices denies their reality and is not helpful in managing their experience.
4. In a centralized decision-making process within an organization, where is the authority to make decisions vested?
- A. Every employee
- B. A few individuals, such as the board of directors
- C. Many individuals, with decisions filtering down to the individual employee
- D. All nursing employees, pharmacists, and hospital health care providers
Correct answer: A few individuals, such as the board of directors
Rationale: In a centralized decision-making process within an organization, the authority to make decisions is concentrated in a few individuals, such as the board of directors. This means that key decision-making power is held by a select group at the top of the organizational hierarchy. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because in a centralized structure, decision-making authority is not distributed among every employee, does not filter down to individual employees, and is not shared among all nursing employees, pharmacists, or hospital health care providers. Centralized decision-making implies a more top-down approach.
5. A nurse is assisting with data collection regarding skin and peripheral vascular findings on a client in later adulthood. Which observation would the nurse expect to note as an age-related finding?
- A. Thin, ridged toenails
- B. Thick skin on the lower legs
- C. Loss of hair on the lower legs
- D. Bounding dorsalis pedis pulse
Correct answer: Loss of hair on the lower legs
Rationale: In later adulthood, age-related findings include trophic changes associated with arterial insufficiency, such as thin, shiny skin; thin, ridged toenails; and loss of hair on the lower legs. These changes occur normally with aging. Thick skin on the lower legs would not be an expected age-related finding as it typically indicates chronic venous insufficiency. A bounding dorsalis pedis pulse is not typical in later adulthood and may indicate arterial insufficiency, which is not an age-related finding.
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