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NCLEX RN Exam Preview Answers
1. What action by the nurse is appropriate when examining a 16-year-old male teenager?
- A. Discuss health teaching with the teenager to promote wellness.
- B. Ask the parent to step out of the room during the history and physical examination to respect the teenager's privacy.
- C. Use age-appropriate communication when speaking to the teenager to ensure understanding.
- D. Provide feedback that his body is developing normally and discuss the wide variation among teenagers on the rate of growth and development.
Correct answer: D: Provide feedback that his body is developing normally and discuss the wide variation among teenagers on the rate of growth and development.
Rationale: During the examination of a 16-year-old male teenager, it is essential to provide feedback that his body is developing normally and to discuss the wide variation among teenagers regarding growth and development. This reassures the teenager about his health status and addresses any concerns about physical development. It is important to recognize that adolescents are very conscious of their body image and often compare themselves to their peers, hence the need for such feedback. Asking the parent to step out of the room respects the teenager's privacy and promotes open communication between the nurse and the teenager. Using age-appropriate communication is crucial to ensure that the teenager understands the information provided. Asking the parent to stay in the room may not be ideal as it can inhibit open discussion, and talking to the teenager as if they were a younger child is inappropriate and may undermine their autonomy and understanding.
2. For a patient who is blood type AB, which blood product can they receive?
- A. Plasma from a type B donor
- B. Whole blood from a type A donor
- C. Packed RBCs from a type O donor
- D. All of the above
Correct answer: C: Packed RBCs from a type O donor
Rationale: A patient with blood type AB has AB antigens on their red blood cells. This means they can only receive blood products that are compatible with these antigens. Choice A is incorrect because an AB patient cannot receive plasma from a type B donor due to the antibodies present in type B plasma. Choice B is incorrect because an AB patient cannot receive whole blood from a type A donor as it contains incompatible antigens. Choice C is the correct answer because an AB patient can receive packed RBCs from a type O donor. Type O donors have no A or B antigens, making their blood compatible for transfusion to recipients with any blood type. Therefore, choices A and B are incorrect, and the correct choice is C.
3. For the nursing diagnostic statement, Self-care deficit: feeding related to bilateral fractured wrists in casts, what is the major related factor or risk factor identified by the nurse?
- A. Discomfort
- B. Deficit
- C. Feeding
- D. Fractured wrists
Correct answer: D: Fractured wrists
Rationale: The correct answer is 'Fractured wrists.' In a nursing diagnostic statement, the related factor or risk factor is the underlying cause of the identified problem. In this case, the major factor affecting the self-care deficit in feeding is the bilateral fractured wrists in casts. The fractured wrists directly impact the client's ability to feed themselves, making it the primary related factor. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as discomfort, deficit, and feeding are not the primary cause of the feeding problem in this scenario; rather, it is the physical limitation caused by the fractured wrists that is the focus of the nursing intervention.
4. Following hospitalization for congestive heart failure, a client is discharged. The nurse teaching the family suggests they encourage the client to rest frequently in which of the following positions?
- A. High Fowler's
- B. Supine
- C. Left lateral
- D. Low Fowler's
Correct answer: High Fowler's
Rationale: The correct answer is High Fowler's. Sitting in a chair or resting in a bed in the high Fowler's position helps decrease the cardiac workload and facilitates breathing in clients with congestive heart failure. This position helps reduce venous return and increases lung expansion, improving oxygenation. The supine position (choice B) may lead to increased pressure on the heart and lungs, making it less suitable for these clients. The left lateral position (choice C) is not as effective as High Fowler's in reducing cardiac workload and improving breathing. Low Fowler's position (choice D) does not provide the same benefits as the High Fowler's position for clients with congestive heart failure.
5. During a client interview, which of the following leading questions should the nurse avoid asking?
- A. What medication do you take at home?
- B. You are really excited about the plastic surgery, aren't you?
- C. Were you aware I've had this same type of surgery?
- D. What would you like to talk about?
Correct answer: You are really excited about the plastic surgery, aren't you?
Rationale: The nurse should avoid asking leading questions during a client interview as they can influence the client's response. Option B is a leading question as it suggests an expected response from the client, potentially biasing the information provided. This can lead to inaccurate data collection and subsequent errors in diagnostic reasoning. Choices A, C, and D are open-ended questions that encourage the client to provide unbiased information and allow for a more comprehensive assessment.
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