NCLEX-RN
NCLEX RN Actual Exam Test Bank
1. Assuming that an elderly patient will have a difficult time understanding the directions for how to take medication is an example of:
- A. Prejudice
- B. Stereotyping
- C. Encoding
- D. Rationalization
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Stereotyping is defined as providing a generalization about a person based on their culture or characteristics. In this scenario, assuming that an elderly patient will have difficulty understanding medication directions solely based on their age is an act of stereotyping. The healthcare provider is attributing a generalized trait to the patient without considering individual differences. Prejudice, on the other hand, involves forming a negative opinion about someone based on their heritage or culture, which is not evident in this situation. Encoding refers to the process of converting information into a form that can be stored in memory, and rationalization involves justifying one's behavior or decisions with logical reasons, neither of which are applicable in this context.
2. A patient suffering from hyperglycemia would be experiencing:
- A. Low blood sugar
- B. High blood sugar
- C. Normal blood sugar
- D. None of the above
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Hyperglycemia is a condition characterized by high blood sugar levels. In this state, there is an excess of glucose in the bloodstream. Patients with hyperglycemia are often diagnosed with diabetes. The term 'hyperglycemia' specifically refers to elevated blood sugar levels. Therefore, the correct answer is 'High blood sugar.' Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because hyperglycemia indicates elevated blood sugar levels and not low or normal levels.
3. The mitral valve is synonymous with the term:
- A. Left ventricle
- B. Right atrium
- C. Bicuspid valve
- D. Tricuspid valve
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The mitral valve, also known as the bicuspid valve, is located between the left atrium and the left ventricle, regulating blood flow from the left atrium into the left ventricle. The term 'bicuspid' refers to the valve's two cusps or leaflets. This distinguishes it from the tricuspid valve (Choice D), which has three cusps, making Choice D incorrect. The left ventricle (Choice A) and right atrium (Choice B) are not synonymous with the mitral valve. Therefore, the correct answer is C: Bicuspid valve.
4. The hospital has sounded the call for a disaster drill on the evening shift. Which of these clients would the nurse prioritize first on the list to be discharged in order to make a room available for a new admission?
- A. A middle-aged client with a history of being ventilator dependent for over seven (7) years and admitted with bacterial pneumonia five days ago.
- B. A young adult with diabetes mellitus Type 2 for over ten (10) years and admitted with antibiotic-induced diarrhea 24 hours ago.
- C. An elderly client with a history of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and lupus, and was admitted with Stevens-Johnson syndrome that morning.
- D. An adolescent with a positive HIV test and admitted for acute cellulitis of the lower leg 48 hours ago.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The best candidate for discharge during a need for emergency room availability is a stable patient with a chronic condition who is familiar with their care. In this scenario, the middle-aged client in option A, who has been ventilator dependent for over seven years and admitted with bacterial pneumonia five days ago, is most suitable for discharge. This client is likely stable and can continue medication therapy at home, making them the most appropriate choice for discharge at this time. Choice B should not be the priority for discharge as the young adult with diabetes mellitus Type 2 admitted with antibiotic-induced diarrhea 24 hours ago may need further monitoring and management of their condition. Choice C, the elderly client with multiple comorbidities and admitted with Stevens-Johnson syndrome on the same day, is not a suitable candidate for immediate discharge as they may require ongoing medical attention and observation. Choice D, the adolescent with a positive HIV test and admitted for acute cellulitis of the lower leg 48 hours ago, should not be discharged first as acute cellulitis may require continued treatment and monitoring, especially in the context of a positive HIV status.
5. Which gland of the endocrine system secretes a hormone that assists with the sleep/wake cycle?
- A. Pituitary
- B. Pineal
- C. Pancreas
- D. Hypothalamus
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is the Pineal gland. The Pineal gland, located in the brain, secretes melatonin, which plays a crucial role in regulating the sleep/wake cycle in response to exposure to light. The Pituitary gland (Choice A) secretes various hormones but not specifically related to the sleep/wake cycle. The Pancreas (Choice C) secretes insulin and digestive enzymes, not hormones related to the sleep/wake cycle. The Hypothalamus (Choice D) is involved in regulating many bodily functions, including hormone secretion, but it does not directly secrete the hormone that regulates the sleep/wake cycle.
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