NCLEX-RN
NCLEX RN Exam Review Answers
1. The healthcare professional needs to validate which of the following statements pertaining to an assigned client?
- A. The client has a hard, raised, red lesion on his right hand.
- B. A weight of 185 lbs. is recorded in the chart.
- C. The client reported an infected toe.
- D. The client's blood pressure is 124/70.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Validation is the process of confirming that data are actual and factual. Data that can be measured can be accepted as factual, as in options 1, 3, and 4. The weight, blood pressure, and physical appearance of a lesion can be objectively verified. However, option C, the client reporting an infected toe, requires the nurse to directly assess the client's toe to confirm the statement. This choice involves subjective data that needs to be validated through direct observation, making it the correct answer. Options A, B, and D provide data that can be measured objectively and verified without the need for further assessment.
2. A client with schizophrenia is taking loxapine. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as the most important to report?
- A. Spasms of the tongue and face
- B. Orthostatic hypotension
- C. Dry mouth
- D. Increased appetite
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Spasms of the muscles of the tongue, face, neck, and back are indicative of acute dystonia, an extrapyramidal manifestation associated with loxapine use. Acute dystonia is a serious condition that can lead to airway obstruction and respiratory compromise. Therefore, the nurse should prioritize reporting this finding to prevent potential harm to the client. Orthostatic hypotension, dry mouth, and increased appetite are common side effects of antipsychotic medications but are not as immediately life-threatening as acute dystonia. Monitoring and managing these side effects are essential for the client's overall well-being, but they do not pose the same level of urgency as addressing acute dystonia.
3. A client needs to give informed consent for electroconvulsive therapy treatments. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
- A. Explain the adverse effects the client might experience from the treatment
- B. Verify the client gave consent voluntarily for the treatment
- C. Describe the benefits of the treatment to the client
- D. Outline possible alternatives to the treatment for the client
Correct answer: B
Rationale: When obtaining informed consent for a procedure like electroconvulsive therapy, the nurse's primary responsibility is to ensure that the client has given consent voluntarily and is capable of making such a decision. While it is essential to provide information on the treatment's benefits, risks, and alternatives, the priority is to verify the client's voluntary consent. Explaining the adverse effects and describing the benefits are important steps in the informed consent process, but the critical step is to confirm the client's voluntary agreement. Outlining possible alternatives to the treatment is also important but comes after ensuring the client's voluntary consent.
4. A teacher brings a 5-year-old child to the school nurse because of a bruise under her eye. When asked about the bruise, the child responds, 'my daddy did it.' What is the nurse's initial action in this situation?
- A. Allow the child to return to class and monitor for future events that are suggestive of abuse
- B. Call the parent and request an explanation for the bruises
- C. Call the police and ask for a warrant for the parent's arrest
- D. Notify the school administrator
Correct answer: D
Rationale: In cases of suspected child abuse, the priority for the school nurse is to notify the school administrator immediately. The school administrator can then collaborate with the nurse to follow established protocols for reporting suspected abuse to the appropriate authorities. All suspicions or allegations of child abuse must be handled with sensitivity and in compliance with state laws and school policies. All other options, such as allowing the child to return to class without further action, directly contacting the parent, or involving the police without proper investigation, could potentially compromise the safety and well-being of the child and may not adhere to legal requirements for reporting suspected abuse.
5. Jaime has a diagnosis of schizophrenia with negative symptoms. In planning care for the client, Nurse Brienne would anticipate a problem with:
- A. Auditory hallucinations
- B. Bizarre behaviors
- C. Ideas of reference
- D. Motivation for activities
Correct answer: D
Rationale: In clients with negative symptoms of schizophrenia, such as Jaime, a common problem is avolition, which is the lack of motivation for activities. These 'negative' symptoms are characterized by inexpressive faces, blank looks, monotone speech, few gestures, and a seeming lack of interest in the world. Patients may also experience an inability to feel pleasure or act spontaneously. It is crucial to differentiate between the lack of expression and lack of feeling, as well as between lack of will and lack of activity. Auditory hallucinations (choice A) are positive symptoms, not typically associated with negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Bizarre behaviors (choice B) are more aligned with positive symptoms like disorganized behavior. Ideas of reference (choice C) involve incorrectly interpreting casual incidents and external events as having direct reference to oneself, which is not directly related to motivation for activities seen in negative symptoms.
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