the nurse is discussing the term subculture with a student nurse which statement by the nurse would best describe subculture

NCLEX-RN

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1. The nurse is discussing the term subculture with a student nurse. Which statement by the nurse would best describe subculture?

A. "Fitting as many people as possible into the majority culture."?
B. "Identifying small groups of people who do not want to be identified with the larger culture."?
C. "Singling out groups of people who suffer differential and unequal treatment as a result of cultural variations."?
D. "Recognizing groups of people within a culture with shared characteristics that are not common to all members of the culture."?

Correct answer: D

Rationale: A subculture refers to a group of people within a larger culture who share distinct beliefs, values, or attitudes that are not universal among all members of the larger culture. Subcultures can emerge based on factors such as ethnicity, religion, education, occupation, age, and gender. The correct answer describes the concept of a subculture accurately. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not capture the essence of a subculture. Fitting people into the majority culture, identifying small groups who distance themselves from the larger culture, or singling out individuals facing differential treatment do not define subculture. Subcultures represent specific groups with shared characteristics that differentiate them from the broader cultural norms.

2. When taking blood pressures on a variety of people at a health fair, what should the nurse keep in mind?

A. After menopause, blood pressure readings in women are usually higher than those taken in men.
B. The blood pressure of an African-American adult is usually higher than that of a non-Hispanic White adult of the same age.
C. Blood pressure measurements in people who are overweight are usually higher than those of people who are at a normal weight.
D. A teenager's blood pressure reading may be lower than that of an adult.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: When assessing blood pressures, it is important to consider that the blood pressure of African-American adults is typically higher than that of non-Hispanic White adults of the same age. This is significant as Black individuals in the United States have a higher prevalence of hypertension compared to other groups. Blood pressure readings in women are generally higher than in men after menopause. Additionally, blood pressure measurements in overweight individuals are typically higher than those in individuals of normal weight. While teenagers may have lower blood pressure readings than adults, it is crucial to recognize the trend of a gradual rise in blood pressure throughout childhood and into adulthood. Therefore, the correct choice is B. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not reflect the typical blood pressure differences observed in various populations.

3. Which of the following signs or symptoms indicates a possible nutritional deficiency?

A. Subcutaneous fat at the waist and abdomen
B. Presence of papillae on the surface of the tongue
C. Straight arms and legs
D. Pale conjunctiva

Correct answer: D

Rationale: A client with poor nutritional intake may have pale mucous membranes surrounding the eye, or the conjunctiva. This area should normally be pink, indicating good circulation and a lack of irritation or dryness. Improper nutrition can manifest as numerous signs in the body, including bowed legs, pale mucous membranes, a smooth or beefy tongue, and poor muscle tone. Subcutaneous fat at the waist and abdomen is not a sign of nutritional deficiency but rather of excess fat deposition. The presence of papillae on the surface of the tongue is normal and not indicative of a nutritional deficiency. Straight arms and legs are also typical anatomical features and not specifically related to nutritional deficiencies.

4. What is the first aid for frostbite?

A. Running cold water over the affected area. Warm or hot water will shock the area and cause more tissue damage.
B. Run warm water over the area to rapidly rewarm the affected area.
C. Run hot water over the area to warm the area as quickly as possible.
D. Cover the area with a blanket, using a heating pad if the blanket isn't warm enough.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: First aid for frostbite involves running cold water over the affected area. It is important to avoid warm or hot water as it can shock the area and cause further tissue damage. Warm water should not be used to rapidly rewarm the affected area. Similarly, hot water should also be avoided as it can warm the area too quickly and potentially cause harm. Covering the area with a blanket and using a heating pad may not be effective and can even lead to more damage. Seeking medical assistance is crucial if the tissue appears necrotic to prevent further complications.

5. Why should direct care providers avoid glued-on artificial nails?

A. Interfere with dexterity of the fingers.
B. Could fall off in a patient's bed.
C. Harbor microorganisms.
D. Can scratch a patient.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Direct care providers, including nurses, should avoid glued-on artificial nails because studies have shown that artificial nails, especially when cracked, broken, or split, create crevices where microorganisms can thrive and multiply. This can lead to an increased risk of transmitting infections to patients. Therefore, the primary reason for avoiding glued-on artificial nails is their potential to harbor harmful microorganisms, making option C the correct choice. Options A, B, and D are incorrect because while they may present some issues, the primary concern is the risk of microbial contamination associated with artificial nails.