the nurse is discussing the term subculture with a student nurse which statement by the nurse would best describe subculture

NCLEX-RN

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1. The nurse is discussing the term subculture with a student nurse. Which statement by the nurse would best describe subculture?

A. "Fitting as many people as possible into the majority culture."?
B. "Identifying small groups of people who do not want to be identified with the larger culture."?
C. "Singling out groups of people who suffer differential and unequal treatment as a result of cultural variations."?
D. "Recognizing groups of people within a culture with shared characteristics that are not common to all members of the culture."?

Correct answer: D

Rationale: A subculture refers to a group of people within a larger culture who share distinct beliefs, values, or attitudes that are not universal among all members of the larger culture. Subcultures can emerge based on factors such as ethnicity, religion, education, occupation, age, and gender. The correct answer describes the concept of a subculture accurately. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not capture the essence of a subculture. Fitting people into the majority culture, identifying small groups who distance themselves from the larger culture, or singling out individuals facing differential treatment do not define subculture. Subcultures represent specific groups with shared characteristics that differentiate them from the broader cultural norms.

2. Where is the Loop of Henle located in the body?

A. Liver
B. Kidney
C. Heart
D. Ear

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The Loop of Henle is a crucial structure found in the kidneys. It plays a vital role in the concentration of urine by creating a concentration gradient in the renal medulla. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the Loop of Henle is not located in the liver, heart, or ear. Understanding the anatomical location of the Loop of Henle is essential in comprehending renal physiology and the mechanism of action of diuretic medications.

3. A patient's blood pressure is 118/82 mm Hg. The patient asks the nurse, "What do the numbers mean?"? Which is the best reply by the nurse?

A. "The numbers are within the normal range and are nothing to worry about."?
B. "The bottom number is the diastolic pressure and reflects the pressure in the arteries when the heart relaxes."?
C. "The top number is the systolic blood pressure and reflects the pressure of the blood against the arteries when the heart contracts."?
D. "The concept of blood pressure can be complex. The primary thing to be concerned about is the top number, or the systolic blood pressure."?

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The systolic pressure is the maximum pressure felt on the artery during left ventricular contraction, or systole. The diastolic pressure is the elastic recoil, or resting, pressure that the blood constantly exerts in between each contraction. The nurse should answer the patient's question in terms they can understand and not just say it is normal and there is nothing to worry about. The diastolic pressure is the pressure in the vessels when the heart is at rest, not the stroke volume. Both the systolic and diastolic blood pressure are important. Choice A is incorrect as providing a vague reassurance does not address the patient's query. Choice B is incorrect as it inaccurately describes the diastolic pressure as reflecting stroke volume, which is incorrect. Choice D is incorrect as it oversimplifies the explanation, focusing solely on the top number without providing a complete understanding of blood pressure.

4. For a patient who is blood type AB, which blood product can they receive?

A. Plasma from a type B donor
B. Whole blood from a type A donor
C. Packed RBCs from a type O donor
D. All of the above

Correct answer: C

Rationale: A patient with blood type AB has AB antigens on their red blood cells. This means they can only receive blood products that are compatible with these antigens. Choice A is incorrect because an AB patient cannot receive plasma from a type B donor due to the antibodies present in type B plasma. Choice B is incorrect because an AB patient cannot receive whole blood from a type A donor as it contains incompatible antigens. Choice C is the correct answer because an AB patient can receive packed RBCs from a type O donor. Type O donors have no A or B antigens, making their blood compatible for transfusion to recipients with any blood type. Therefore, choices A and B are incorrect, and the correct choice is C.

5. During a class on religion and spirituality, the nurse is asked to define spirituality. Which statement by the nurse best describes spirituality?

A. "Is a personal search to discover a supreme being."?
B. "Is an organized system of beliefs concerning the cause, nature, and purpose of the universe."?
C. "Is a belief that each person exists forever in some form, such as a belief in reincarnation or the afterlife."?
D. "Focuses on a connection with something bigger than oneself and a belief in transcendence."?

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Spirituality is a broad term that focuses on a connection with something greater than oneself and a belief in transcendence. It is a personal journey that arises from unique life experiences and the individual's quest to find purpose and meaning in life. The correct answer emphasizes the essence of spirituality, which involves seeking a connection with a higher power and believing in transcendence. Choices A, B, and C, on the other hand, define aspects of religion rather than spirituality. Choice A refers to a personal search for a supreme being, which is more aligned with religious beliefs. Choice B describes an organized system of beliefs about the universe, typically associated with religion. Choice C pertains to beliefs about existence after death, such as reincarnation or the afterlife, which are often religious concepts. Therefore, the best description of spirituality is focusing on a connection with something beyond oneself and a belief in transcendence.