NCLEX NCLEX-RN
Exam Cram NCLEX RN Practice Questions
1. The clinic nurse is obtaining data about a child with a diagnosis of lactose intolerance. Which data should the nurse expect to obtain on assessment?
- A. Reports of frothy stools and diarrhea
- B. Reports of foul-smelling ribbon stools
- C. Reports of profuse, watery diarrhea and vomiting
- D. Reports of diffuse abdominal pain unrelated to meals or activity
Correct answer: Reports of frothy stools and diarrhea
Rationale: Lactose intolerance commonly presents with frothy stools and diarrhea due to the inability to digest lactose. Other symptoms include abdominal distension, crampy abdominal pain, and excessive flatus. Foul-smelling ribbon stools are indicative of Hirschsprung's disease, not lactose intolerance. Profuse, watery diarrhea and vomiting are more characteristic of celiac disease. Diffuse abdominal pain unrelated to meals or activity is a typical symptom of irritable bowel syndrome, not lactose intolerance.
2. Which of the following is a fat-soluble vitamin?
- A. Vitamin C
- B. Vitamin D
- C. Vitamin B-6
- D. Riboflavin
Correct answer: Vitamin D
Rationale: The correct answer is Vitamin D. Fat-soluble vitamins are those that can be stored in the body, allowing excess amounts to be stored for later use. While this storage ability can help prevent deficiencies, it also poses a risk of toxicity. The fat-soluble vitamins are A, E, D, and K. Choice A, Vitamin C, is water-soluble, not fat-soluble. Choice C, Vitamin B-6, and Choice D, Riboflavin, are also water-soluble vitamins and not fat-soluble.
3. Which of these guidelines would a healthcare professional follow when measuring a patient’s weight?
- A. The patient is always weighed wearing only undergarments.
- B. The type of scale matters and should be consistent day to day.
- C. The patient should remove heavy outer clothing, shoes, and jackets before weighing.
- D. Attempts should be made to weigh the patient at approximately the same time of day if a sequence of weights is necessary.
Correct answer: Attempts should be made to weigh the patient at approximately the same time of day if a sequence of weights is necessary.
Rationale: When measuring a patient's weight, it is important to ensure accuracy and consistency. If a sequence of repeated weights is necessary, the healthcare professional should attempt to weigh the patient at the same time of day and with the same types of clothing worn each time. It is crucial to use a standardized balance or electronic standing scale for accurate weight measurement. Choice A is incorrect as patients should remove heavy outer clothing, shoes, and jackets before being weighed for accurate results. Choice B is incorrect because the type of scale used does matter and should be consistent for reliable weight tracking. Choice C is incorrect as patients should not leave on heavy outer clothing, shoes, or jackets as these items can add to the weight recorded inaccurately.
4. An older adult patient brought to the emergency department by a family member is wandering outside, saying, “I can’t find my way home.” The patient is confused and unable to answer questions. What is the nurse’s best action?
- A. Document the patient’s mental status and obtain other assessment data from the family member.
- B. Record the patient’s answers to questions on the nursing assessment form.
- C. Ask an advanced practice nurse to perform the assessment interview.
- D. Call for a mental health advocate to maintain the patient’s rights.
Correct answer: A: Document the patient’s mental status and obtain other assessment data from the family member.
Rationale: In this scenario, the patient is confused and unable to answer questions. When the patient is unable to provide information, it is important to use secondary sources such as family members. The nurse's best action is to document the patient's mental status and obtain additional assessment data from the family member. This approach will help gather relevant information about the patient's condition. Asking an advanced practice nurse to perform the assessment interview is not necessary as it is within the staff nurse's scope of practice. Calling for a mental health advocate is also unnecessary at this point as the priority is to assess the patient's condition and gather information from the family member.
5. Over a patient's lifespan, how does the pulse rate change?
- A. starts out fast and decreases as the patient ages.
- B. starts out slower and increases as the patient ages.
- C. varies from slow to fast throughout the lifespan.
- D. stays consistent from birth to death.
Correct answer: starts out fast and decreases as the patient ages.
Rationale: The correct answer is that the pulse rate starts out fast and decreases as the patient ages. In infants, the normal pulse rate is around 140 beats per minute, which then falls to an average of 80 beats per minute in adults. As individuals age, their pulse rate tends to decrease due to changes in cardiovascular function. Choice B is incorrect as the pulse rate typically decreases with age, rather than increases. Choice C is incorrect as there is a general trend of decreasing pulse rate as individuals age, rather than a continuous variation. Choice D is incorrect as the pulse rate does change over a patient's lifespan, starting fast in infants and decreasing as they age.
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