NCLEX-RN
Exam Cram NCLEX RN Practice Questions
1. On admission to the psychiatric unit, the client is trembling and appears fearful. The nurse's initial response should be to:
- A. Give the client orientation materials and review the unit rules and regulations.
- B. Introduce him/her and accompany the client to the client's room.
- C. Take the client to the day room and introduce him/her to the other clients.
- D. Ask the nursing assistant to get the client's vital signs and complete the admission search.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Anxiety is triggered by change that threatens the individual's sense of security. In response to anxiety in clients, the nurse should remain calm, minimize stimuli, and move the client to a calmer, more secure/safe setting. The correct initial response is to introduce the client and accompany them to their room. This approach helps the client feel oriented, safe, and supported. Giving orientation materials or reviewing rules and regulations may overwhelm the client further. Taking the client to the day room and introducing them to other clients could increase anxiety by exposing them to unfamiliar faces. Asking the nursing assistant to get vital signs and complete admission tasks can wait until the client feels more settled and secure in their environment.
2. Which of the following lists the recommended sequence for removing soiled personal protective equipment when preparing to leave a patient's room?
- A. Gown, goggles, mask, gloves, and exit the room.
- B. Gloves, wash hands, remove gown, mask, and goggles.
- C. Gloves, goggles, gown, mask, and wash hands.
- D. Gloves, goggles, gown, mask, and wash hands.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct sequence for removing soiled personal protective equipment is crucial to prevent contamination. Gloves should always be removed first as they are most likely to be contaminated. Following the removal of gloves, goggles, gown, mask, and finally washing hands is recommended. Choice A is incorrect as gloves should be removed first. Choice B is incorrect as the sequence is not in the recommended order. Choice D is incorrect as gloves should be removed before goggles.
3. When assessing the pulse of a 6-year-old patient, the nurse notices that the heart rate varies with the respiratory cycle, speeding up at the peak of inspiration and slowing to normal with expiration. What action would the nurse take next?
- A. Notify the physician.
- B. Record this finding as normal.
- C. Check the child's blood pressure and note any variation with respiration.
- D. Document that this child has bradycardia and continue with the assessment.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct action for the nurse to take next is to record this finding as normal. Sinus dysrhythmia, characterized by heart rate variation with the respiratory cycle, is commonly found in children and young adults. The heart rate speeds up at the peak of inspiration and slows to normal with expiration. This phenomenon is a normal variant and does not require any intervention. There is no need to notify the physician as this finding is within the expected range for this age group. Checking the child's blood pressure for variations with respiration or documenting the child as having bradycardia would not be appropriate in this case, as sinus dysrhythmia is a normal physiological response.
4. Which of the following tests would MOST LIKELY be performed on a patient who is being monitored for coagulation therapy?
- A. PT/INR
- B. CBC
- C. PTT
- D. WBC
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: PT/INR. Prothrombin times (PT/INR) are commonly used to monitor patients on Coumadin (warfarin) therapy, an anticoagulant that slows the blood's ability to clot. Monitoring PT/INR levels helps ensure the patient is receiving the appropriate dosage of Coumadin. Choice B, CBC (Complete Blood Count), is a general test that provides information on red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets but is not specific to monitoring coagulation therapy. Choice C, PTT (Partial Thromboplastin Time), is another coagulation test but is not as commonly used for monitoring Coumadin therapy. Choice D, WBC (White Blood Cell count), is unrelated to monitoring coagulation therapy and is used to assess immune system function.
5. The nurse should wash from the ________________________ when washing a patient's eye area.
- A. outer canthus to the inner canthus
- B. inner canthus to the outer canthus
- C. internal nares to the external nares
- D. external nares to the internal nares
Correct answer: B
Rationale: When washing a patient's eye area, it is important to start from the inner canthus (closest to the nose) and move towards the outer canthus. This direction prevents any contaminants or debris from the outer area of the eye from moving towards the inner, more sensitive area. Choices C and D are incorrect as they pertain to the nasal passages (nares), which are not relevant when washing the eye area.
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