Nursing Elites

1. A client is diagnosed with ariboflavinosis. Which of the following foods should the nurse serve this client?

• A. Citrus fruits
• B. Milk
• C. Fish
• D. Potatoes

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Ariboflavinosis is a vitamin B-2 deficiency. Symptoms may include cracks around the mouth, inflammation of the tongue, or light sensitivity. Foods rich in vitamin B-2, like milk, liver, green vegetables, or whole grains, are recommended. Citrus fruits (choice A) are good sources of vitamin C, not B-2. Fish (choice C) is a source of protein and omega-3 fatty acids but not a significant source of vitamin B-2. Potatoes (choice D) are a source of carbohydrates but do not provide high levels of vitamin B-2.

2. A client has just started a transfusion of packed red blood cells that a physician ordered. Which of the following signs may indicate a transfusion reaction?

• A. The client suddenly complains of back pain and has chills
• B. The client develops dependent edema in the extremities
• C. The client has a seizure
• D. The client's heart rate drops to 60 bpm

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is when the client suddenly complains of back pain and has chills. Signs of a transfusion reaction include back pain, chills, dizziness, increased temperature, and blood in the urine. These signs indicate a possible adverse reaction to the blood transfusion. Dependent edema in the extremities is not typically associated with a transfusion reaction. A seizure is not a common sign of a transfusion reaction unless it is due to severe complications. A decrease in heart rate to 60 bpm is not a typical sign of a transfusion reaction, but rather bradycardia may indicate other underlying conditions or medications.

3. A 6-month-old infant has been brought to the well-child clinic for a checkup. The infant is currently sleeping. What would the nurse do first when beginning the examination?

• A. Wake the infant before beginning the examination.
• B. Examine the infant's hips before the infant wakes up.
• C. Auscultate the lungs and heart while the infant is still sleeping.
• D. Begin with the assessment of the eye and continue with the remainder of the examination in a head-to-toe approach.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: When the infant is quiet or sleeping, it is an ideal time to assess the cardiac, respiratory, and abdominal systems. It is recommended not to wake the infant unnecessarily. Auscultating the lungs and heart while the infant is still sleeping allows for a comprehensive assessment without disturbing the infant. Examining the infant's hips prematurely may disrupt the infant's sleep. Starting with an assessment of the eye is not appropriate as it is an invasive procedure and should be performed towards the end of the examination after the non-invasive assessments have been completed.

4. Which of the following is an anthropometric measurement?

• A. Blood pressure
• B. Temperature
• C. Pulse Rate
• D. Weight

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Anthropometric measurements relate to the size, weight, and proportions of the human body. Weight is a key anthropometric measurement as it directly reflects body mass, making it the correct choice. Blood pressure, temperature, and pulse rate are physiological measurements that do not specifically pertain to body size or proportion, hence making them incorrect choices in the context of anthropometric measurements.

5. What is the first aid for frostbite?

• A. Running cold water over the affected area. Warm or hot water will shock the area and cause more tissue damage.
• B. Run warm water over the area to rapidly rewarm the affected area.
• C. Run hot water over the area to warm the area as quickly as possible.
• D. Cover the area with a blanket, using a heating pad if the blanket isn't warm enough.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: First aid for frostbite involves running cold water over the affected area. It is important to avoid warm or hot water as it can shock the area and cause further tissue damage. Warm water should not be used to rapidly rewarm the affected area. Similarly, hot water should also be avoided as it can warm the area too quickly and potentially cause harm. Covering the area with a blanket and using a heating pad may not be effective and can even lead to more damage. Seeking medical assistance is crucial if the tissue appears necrotic to prevent further complications.

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