Nursing Elites

1. A nursing care plan states, 'Assist the patient to the bedside commode PRN.' When will this patient get this assistance to the commode?

• A. Whenever needed
• B. At bedtime
• C. During the night
• D. During the day

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Whenever needed.' The abbreviation 'PRN' stands for 'pro re nata,' which translates to 'as needed' or 'whenever necessary.' This means that the patient will receive assistance to the commode whenever they require it, based on their individual needs and condition. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because 'PRN' does not specify a specific time like bedtime, during the night, or during the day; instead, it indicates assistance based on the patient's needs.

2. What is the most important step that healthcare personnel can take to prevent the transmission of microorganisms in the hospital setting?

• A. Wear protective eyewear at all times.
• B. Wear gloves whenever in direct contact with patients.
• C. Wash hands before and after contact with each patient.
• D. Clean the stethoscope with an alcohol swab between patients.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The most crucial step in preventing the transmission of microorganisms in the hospital setting is proper hand hygiene. Healthcare personnel should wash their hands thoroughly before and after each patient contact to reduce the risk of spreading infections. While cleaning the stethoscope with an alcohol swab between patients is recommended, it is secondary to hand hygiene. Wearing protective eyewear at all times is not necessary for routine patient care unless specifically indicated, and wearing gloves only when in direct contact with patients is important but not as critical as proper handwashing. Therefore, the correct answer is to wash hands before and after contact with each patient.

3. What does the medical term 'diaphoresis' mean?

• A. Profuse vomiting
• B. Profuse sweating
• C. Gasping for air
• D. None of the above

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Profuse sweating. Diaphoresis is a medical term that refers to excessive sweating. It is commonly seen in emergency situations such as heart attacks or diabetic episodes. Choice A, 'Profuse vomiting,' is incorrect as diaphoresis is not related to vomiting. Choice C, 'Gasping for air,' is also incorrect as it refers to difficulty breathing, not sweating. Choice D, 'None of the above,' is incorrect as diaphoresis specifically relates to sweating.

4. Many Asians believe in the yin/yang theory, which is rooted in the ancient Chinese philosophy of Tao. Which statement most accurately reflects this philosophy's view of "health"??

• A. A person is able to work and produce.
• B. A person is happy, stable, and feels good.
• C. All aspects of the person are in perfect balance.
• D. A person is able to care for others and function socially.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In the yin/yang theory rooted in ancient Chinese philosophy, health is believed to exist when all aspects of a person are in perfect balance. This includes physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual well-being. Choice C accurately reflects this philosophy's view of health. Choices A, B, and D do not capture the essence of the yin/yang theory. Being able to work and produce, being happy and stable, or caring for others and functioning socially, while important, do not encompass the holistic balance emphasized in the yin/yang theory.

5. The nurse should wash from the ________________________ when washing a patient's eye area.

• A. outer canthus to the inner canthus
• B. inner canthus to the outer canthus
• C. internal nares to the external nares
• D. external nares to the internal nares

Correct answer: B

Rationale: When washing a patient's eye area, it is important to start from the inner canthus (closest to the nose) and move towards the outer canthus. This direction prevents any contaminants or debris from the outer area of the eye from moving towards the inner, more sensitive area. Choices C and D are incorrect as they pertain to the nasal passages (nares), which are not relevant when washing the eye area.

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