NCLEX NCLEX-RN
NCLEX RN Actual Exam Test Bank
1. What does the medical term 'basophilia' refer to?
- A. An attachment of the epithelial cells of the skin to a basement membrane
- B. An overabundance of a particular white blood cell in the peripheral blood
- C. An underrepresentation of basophils on a blood smear
- D. None of the above
Correct answer: An overabundance of a particular white blood cell in the peripheral blood
Rationale: The correct answer is 'An overabundance of a particular white blood cell in the peripheral blood.' Basophilia specifically indicates an increased number of basophils in the peripheral blood. It can be observed in conditions like leukemia and certain allergic reactions. Choice A is incorrect as it describes something unrelated to basophilia. Choice C is incorrect as it suggests a decrease in basophils, which is opposite to the actual meaning of basophilia. Choice D is also incorrect as basophilia does have a defined medical significance.
2. A 75-year-old man with a history of hypertension was recently changed to a new antihypertensive drug. He reports feeling dizzy at times. How would the nurse evaluate his blood pressure?
- A. Blood pressure and pulse should be recorded in the supine, sitting, and standing positions.
- B. The patient should be directed to walk around the room and his blood pressure assessed after this activity.
- C. Blood pressure and pulse are assessed at the beginning and at the end of the examination.
- D. Blood pressure is taken on the right arm and then 5 minutes later on the left arm.
Correct answer: Blood pressure and pulse should be recorded in the supine, sitting, and standing positions.
Rationale: Orthostatic vital signs should be taken when the person is hypertensive or is taking antihypertensive medications, when the person reports fainting or syncope, or when volume depletion is suspected. The blood pressure and pulse readings are recorded in the supine, sitting, and standing positions.
3. Which of the following is an example of intrapersonal conflict?
- A. A nurse feels guilty when she administers essential medication that causes a client to have nausea and vomiting
- B. A nurse is called to testify in court about a client she cared for three years ago
- C. A nurse feels guilty for working overtime
- D. A nurse faces a conflict with a colleague over patient care decisions
Correct answer: A nurse feels guilty when she administers essential medication that causes a client to have nausea and vomiting
Rationale: Intrapersonal conflict involves negative feelings or frustrations within oneself. It may be related to decisions or actions that clash with personal morals or beliefs. Choice A is the correct answer because the nurse is experiencing guilt due to administering medication that causes a client to have negative side effects, which reflects an internal struggle. Choices B, C, and D do not represent intrapersonal conflict. Choice B involves a legal obligation, Choice C is related to external factors like working overtime, and Choice D pertains to a conflict with a colleague.
4. Which client is at highest risk for developing a pressure ulcer?
- A. 23 year-old in traction for fractured femur
- B. 72 year-old with peripheral vascular disease, who is unable to walk without assistance
- C. 75 year-old with left sided paresthesia and is incontinent of urine and stool
- D. 30 year-old who is comatose following a ruptured aneurysm
Correct answer: 75 year-old with left sided paresthesia and is incontinent of urine and stool
Rationale: Risk factors for pressure ulcers include: immobility, absence of sensation, decreased LOC, poor nutrition and hydration, skin moisture, incontinence, increased age, decreased immune response. This client has the greatest number of risk factors.
5. Mr. V is receiving treatment for a spinal cord injury after falling off of his deck at home. He has undergone spinal surgery and has been placed in a halo traction device. Which of the following nursing interventions is most appropriate for a client with a spinal cord injury?
- A. Turn the client and use incentive spirometry each shift
- B. Administer stool softeners as ordered
- C. Turn the head slowly to avoid further damage to the spine
- D. Change NPO status
Correct answer: Administer stool softeners as ordered
Rationale: In a client with a spinal cord injury, administering stool softeners as ordered is a crucial nursing intervention. Patients with spinal cord injuries are at higher risk of constipation due to decreased mobility. Stool softeners help prevent constipation and potential fecal impaction. Turning the client and using incentive spirometry each shift can be beneficial for respiratory function but is not the most vital intervention in this scenario. Turning the head slowly to avoid further damage to the spine is important but is not directly related to preventing constipation. Changing NPO status is not relevant to preventing constipation or managing a spinal cord injury.
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