NCLEX NCLEX-PN
Psychosocial Integrity Nclex PN Questions
1. A family member of a client with a diagnosis of Schizophrenia asks about the prognosis. The nurse’s response is based on the knowledge that schizophrenia:
- A. affects both genders equally.
- B. is a chronic, deteriorating disease with periods of remission.
- C. is usually diagnosed in early adulthood.
- D. does not have a clear protective hormone effect delaying diagnosis.
Correct answer: is a chronic, deteriorating disease with periods of remission
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'is a chronic, deteriorating disease with periods of remission.' While choices A, C, and D contain some truths about schizophrenia, they do not directly address the prognosis aspect of the question. Schizophrenia can affect both men and women equally, is typically diagnosed in early adulthood, and does not have a known protective hormone effect that delays diagnosis. Choice B accurately reflects the chronic and fluctuating nature of the disease, which is essential for understanding its long-term course.
2. The nurse is preparing task assignments for the day. Which task should the nurse assign to a nursing assistant?
- A. Monitoring for bleeding for a client who has just undergone cardiac catheterization
- B. Assisting a client who is getting up to ambulate for the first time after surgery
- C. Providing oral care to an unconscious client who requires oral care
- D. Completing the preoperative checklist for a client scheduled for a liver biopsy
Correct answer: Providing oral care to an unconscious client who requires oral care
Rationale: When delegating tasks, the nurse must consider the state nursing practice act guidelines and job descriptions. Providing oral care to an unconscious client is a task suitable for delegation to a nursing assistant. The nurse should give clear instructions on adapting the procedure for the client's needs and the signs of complications to watch for. Monitoring for bleeding after cardiac catheterization necessitates immediate nursing assessment, which requires critical thinking and intervention that exceeds a nursing assistant's scope of practice. Assisting a client with ambulation post-surgery carries the risk of orthostatic hypotension and should be performed by a licensed nurse. Completing a preoperative checklist for a client scheduled for a liver biopsy involves critical assessment and preparation that are within the nurse's scope of practice.
3. An adult client tells the clinic nurse that he is susceptible to middle ear infections. About which risk factor related to infection of the ears does the nurse question this client?
- A. Loud music
- B. Use of power tools
- C. Occupational noise
- D. Exposure to cigarette smoke
Correct answer: Exposure to cigarette smoke
Rationale: The correct answer is 'Exposure to cigarette smoke.' Otitis media (middle ear infection) is associated with various factors like colds, allergies, sore throats, and blockage of the eustachian tubes. Risk factors include exposure to cigarette smoke, youth (as otitis media is usually a childhood disease), congenital abnormalities, immune deficiencies, family history of otitis media, recent upper respiratory infections, and allergies. Choices A, B, and C (Loud music, Use of power tools, and Occupational noise) are more likely to cause hearing loss rather than being direct risk factors for middle ear infections.
4. Which of the following statements should the nurse use to best describe a very low-calorie diet (VLCD) to a client?
- A. “This diet can be used when there is close medical supervision.”
- B. “This is a long-term treatment measure that assists obese people who can’t lose weight.”
- C. “The VLCD consists of solid food items that are pureed to facilitate digestion and absorption.”
- D. “A VLCD contains very little protein.”
Correct answer: “This diet can be used when there is close medical supervision.”
Rationale: The correct answer is, “This diet can be used when there is close medical supervision.” Very low-calorie diets (VLCDs) are used in the clinical treatment of obesity under close medical supervision. The diet is low in calories, high in quality protein, and has a minimum of carbohydrates to spare protein and prevent ketosis. Choice B is incorrect because VLCDs are typically short-term interventions. Choice C is incorrect because VLCDs usually consist of nutritionally complete liquid formulations, not solid food items that are pureed. Choice D is incorrect because VLCDs actually contain a high quality of protein, although the overall caloric content is very low.
5. The nurse is teaching a client about sleep and gives background information on normal sleep patterns. Which of the following substances promotes sleep?
- A. serotonin
- B. cortisol
- C. alcohol
- D. narcotics
Correct answer: serotonin
Rationale: Serotonin is a substance found in the body that promotes sleep. It plays a role in the synthesis of a hypnogenic factor that directly induces sleep. Cortisol is a stress hormone that can disrupt sleep patterns. Alcohol can disrupt REM sleep and negatively impact sleep quality. Narcotics, like alcohol, can interfere with sleep architecture and lead to poor quality sleep. Therefore, the correct answer is serotonin as it is associated with promoting sleep, while the other substances listed can have negative effects on sleep patterns.
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