NCLEX NCLEX-RN
NCLEX RN Practice Questions Exam Cram
1. Application - The nurse is caring for a patient who has the following labs: Creatinine 2.5mg/dL, WBC 11,000 cells/mL, and Hemoglobin of 12 g/dL. Based on this information, which of these orders would the nurse question?
- A. Administer 30 Units of Lantus Daily
- B. CT of the spine with contrast
- C. X-ray of the abdomen and chest
- D. Administer heparin subcutaneously 5,000 Units every 12 hours
Correct answer: B: CT of the spine with contrast
Rationale: The correct answer is to question the order for a CT of the spine with contrast. The patient's elevated creatinine level of 2.5mg/dL indicates impaired kidney function. Contrast agents are nephrotoxic and can further compromise kidney function in patients with existing nephropathy. Therefore, it is crucial to avoid contrast-enhanced imaging studies in patients with impaired renal function. Choice A: Administering 30 Units of Lantus Daily is not contraindicated based on the provided lab values. Choice C: Ordering an X-ray of the abdomen and chest is not contraindicated based on the provided lab values. Choice D: Administering heparin subcutaneously at 5,000 Units every 12 hours is not contraindicated based on the provided lab values.
2. You are taking care of a patient who has active TB. The patient has been put on airborne precautions and is in a special room. You must wear a HEPA mask when you enter the room. Now, the patient has to leave the room and go to the radiology department. How can you transport this patient to the radiology department without spreading TB throughout the hospital?
- A. Have everyone along the route to the radiology department wear a HEPA mask.
- B. Have patients along the route to the radiology department wear a HEPA mask.
- C. Have staff along the route to the radiology department wear a HEPA mask.
- D. Place a HEPA mask on the patient.
Correct answer: Place a HEPA mask on the patient.
Rationale: To prevent the spread of TB throughout the hospital, it is essential to place a HEPA mask on the patient before transporting them to the radiology department. Expecting everyone along the route to wear a HEPA mask is not practical due to the high cost and the need for special fittings. Having patients or staff wear HEPA masks along the route is also not feasible and may not effectively contain the spread of TB.
3. A nurse is preparing to irrigate a client's indwelling catheter through a closed, intermittent system. Which of the following steps must the nurse take as part of this process?
- A. Use sterile solution at room temperature
- B. Position the client in a comfortable position
- C. Clamp the catheter at the level above the injection port
- D. Inject sterile solution through the injection port into the catheter
Correct answer: Inject sterile solution through the injection port into the catheter
Rationale: When performing closed intermittent system catheter irrigation, the nurse should use sterile solution at room temperature with sterile technique. It is important to position the client comfortably for easy access to the catheter site and to assess the abdomen during the procedure. Clamping the catheter should be done below the level of the injection port, not above. The correct step is to inject sterile solution through the injection port into the catheter, allowing the fluid to travel up the catheter to irrigate the tubing and the bladder.
4. You have been asked to record the amount of food that the person has eaten during each meal. What kinds of words or numbers would you use to record this food intake?
- A. A little, a moderate amount, or all of the meal
- B. 50 cc, 100 cc, or 500 cc of the meal
- C. 25%, 50%, or 100% of the meal
- D. Either A or C
Correct answer: 25%, 50%, or 100% of the meal
Rationale: Food intake is typically measured in terms of the percentage (%) of food that has been eaten. Using percentages allows for a more precise and standardized way of recording food consumption. For instance, you would record 25% of the vegetable if the person has eaten about a quarter of the vegetables on the plate. Choices A and B are incorrect. Choice A's terms 'a little' and 'a moderate amount' are vague and not specific enough for accurate documentation. Choice B's use of cc is more appropriate for measuring fluids, not solid foods. Choice D is also incorrect as it combines vague terms with percentages, which could lead to confusion in accurately documenting the food intake.
5. A client has become combative and is attempting to pull out his IV and take off his surgical dressings. The nurse receives an order to apply wrist restraints. Which action of the nurse signifies that restraints are being used safely?
- A. The nurse ties the restraints in a square knot to prevent the client from untying them
- B. The restraints are attached to a movable portion of the bed
- C. The padded side of the restraint is applied next to the skin of the wrist
- D. The nurse assesses the client's distal circulation every 24 hours
Correct answer: The padded side of the restraint is applied next to the skin of the wrist
Rationale: Restraint use must prioritize the safety of the client. When applying restraints around the wrists, the padded side should be placed against the skin to help prevent skin breakdown. Additionally, restraints should be secured in quick-release knots to ensure they can be removed rapidly in case of an emergency. Choice A is incorrect as restraints should not be tied in a way that could prevent quick removal. Choice B is incorrect because restraints should not be attached to a movable part of the bed to avoid unintentional movement. Choice D is incorrect as assessing distal circulation is important but is not directly related to the safe application of restraints.
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