NCLEX NCLEX-RN
NCLEX RN Practice Questions Quizlet
1. A healthcare professional is putting together a presentation on meningitis. Which of the following microorganisms has not been linked to meningitis in humans?
- A. S. pneumoniae
- B. H. influenzae
- C. N. meningitidis
- D. Cl. difficile
Correct answer: Cl. difficile
Rationale: The correct answer is Cl. difficile. Clostridium difficile (C. diff) is not typically associated with meningitis in humans. This bacterium is known to cause severe diarrhea, usually as a result of antibiotic treatment. S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and N. meningitidis are all known to be causative agents of meningitis in humans. S. pneumoniae is a common cause of bacterial meningitis, especially in adults. H. influenzae, particularly type b (Hib), used to be a leading cause of meningitis in children before the introduction of the Hib vaccine. N. meningitidis is another significant pathogen responsible for causing meningitis, especially in young adults and adolescents.
2. Which intervention would the nurse implement to develop a caring relationship with the client’s family?
- A. Deciding health care options for the client
- B. Identifying the client’s family members and their roles
- C. Declining to inform the client’s family after performing a procedure
- D. Refraining from discussing the client’s health with the family
Correct answer: Identifying the client’s family members and their roles
Rationale: To establish a caring relationship with the client's family, the nurse should start by identifying the family members and understanding their roles in the client's life. This step is crucial in determining how they can contribute to the client's healthcare and support. Deciding healthcare options for the client (Choice A) is not the nurse's role; it should be a collaborative decision with the client and family. Declining to inform the client’s family after a procedure (Choice C) goes against transparency and collaboration in care. Refraining from discussing the client’s health with the family (Choice D) can hinder effective communication and support, which are essential in developing a caring relationship with the family.
3. Who typically owns a patient's medical record?
- A. The patient
- B. The physician
- C. The Legal Counsel of the Office
- D. No one owns a medical record
Correct answer: The physician
Rationale: The correct answer is 'The physician.' Physicians typically own their patients' medical records as they are the ones responsible for creating, updating, and maintaining these records. However, it is essential to note that patients have the legal right to access and obtain copies of their medical records. Choice A ('The patient') is incorrect as patients do not own their medical records, but they do have rights regarding access to them. Choice C ('The Legal Counsel of the Office') is incorrect as legal counsel typically do not own or have ownership rights over medical records. Choice D ('No one owns a medical record') is incorrect as medical records are owned by healthcare providers who create and maintain them, such as physicians.
4. A client is brought into the emergency room where the physician suspects that he has cardiac tamponade. Based on this diagnosis, the nurse would expect to see which of the following signs or symptoms in this client?
- A. Fever, fatigue, malaise
- B. Hypotension and distended neck veins
- C. Cough and hemoptysis
- D. Numbness and tingling in the extremities
Correct answer: Hypotension and distended neck veins
Rationale: Cardiac tamponade occurs when fluid or blood accumulates in the pericardium, preventing the heart from contracting properly. This leads to decreased cardiac output and is considered a medical emergency. Classic signs of cardiac tamponade include hypotension (low blood pressure) and distended neck veins due to the increased pressure around the heart. These signs result from the compromised ability of the heart to pump effectively. Choices A, C, and D are not typically associated with cardiac tamponade. Fever, fatigue, and malaise are non-specific symptoms that can be seen in various conditions. Cough and hemoptysis are more commonly associated with respiratory conditions, while numbness and tingling in the extremities are neurological symptoms not typically seen in cardiac tamponade.
5. A 16-month-old child has just been admitted to the hospital. As the nurse assigned to this child enters the hospital room for the first time, the toddler runs to the mother, clings to her, and begins to cry. What would be the initial action by the nurse?
- A. Arrange to change client care assignments.
- B. Explain that this behavior is expected.
- C. Discuss the appropriate use of 'time-out'.
- D. Explain that the child needs extra attention.
Correct answer: Explain that this behavior is expected.
Rationale: The correct answer is to explain that this behavior is expected. During normal development, fear of strangers becomes prominent beginning around age 6-8 months. Such behaviors include clinging to parents, crying, and turning away from the stranger. These fears and behaviors extend into the toddler period and may persist into preschool. Changing client care assignments (Choice A) is not necessary as the child's behavior is developmentally appropriate. Discussing the appropriate use of 'time-out' (Choice C) is not relevant in this situation as the child is displaying normal attachment behavior, not misbehavior. Explaining that the child needs extra attention (Choice D) may not be necessary as the child is likely seeking comfort from the familiar presence of the mother, which is a typical response in a stressful situation like being in a hospital environment.
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