a nurse is assessing a clinic patient with a diagnosis of hepatitis a which of the following is the most likely route of transmission
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Nursing Elites

NCLEX-RN

Exam Cram NCLEX RN Practice Questions

1. A patient in a clinic has been diagnosed with hepatitis A. What is the most likely route of transmission?

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is contaminated food. Hepatitis A is primarily transmitted through the fecal-oral route, often through the ingestion of contaminated food or water. It is caused by the Hepatitis A virus (HAV), which is a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA virus. Sexual contact with an infected partner is more commonly associated with hepatitis B and C. Blood transfusion is a potential route for hepatitis B and C transmission due to bloodborne pathogens. Illegal drug use, particularly involving shared needles, is a common route for hepatitis C transmission.

2. The nurse is assessing the vital signs of a 20-year-old marathon runner and documents the following vital signs: temperature"?36°C; pulse"?48 beats per minute; respirations"?14 breaths per minute; blood pressure"?104/68 mm Hg. Which statement is true concerning these results?

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is, 'These are normal vital signs for a healthy, athletic adult.' A pulse rate of 48 beats per minute is considered bradycardia in adults, but it is not a concern in well-trained athletes like marathon runners. Bradycardia is a normal physiological response to aerobic conditioning. Tachycardia, on the other hand, is defined as a pulse rate above 100 beats per minute, which is not the case here. The low pulse rate in this scenario is a reflection of the athlete's cardiovascular fitness. Therefore, there is no need to notify the physician or schedule a follow-up visit based on these findings.

3. A client is undergoing range of motion exercises, and the nurse moves the leg in a pattern of circumduction. Which movement is the nurse performing?

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Circumduction involves moving a limb in a circular pattern. In this scenario, the nurse is performing circumduction by moving the leg in a circular motion, engaging the muscles of the gluteus maximus and gluteus medius. Choice A, 'Bending the leg at the knee,' is incorrect as it describes flexion and extension movements. Choice B, 'Turning the foot inward and outward,' refers to inversion and eversion movements of the foot, not circumduction. Choice D, 'Moving the leg forward and up,' describes flexion and abduction movements, not circumduction.

4. The nurse is comparing the concepts of religion and spirituality. Which statement describes an appropriate component of one's spirituality?

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Spirituality refers to a connection with something larger than oneself and a belief in transcendence. The other responses do not apply to spirituality. Choice A, 'Belief in and worship of God or gods,' and choice C, 'Attendance at a specific church or place of worship,' are more aligned with religious practices. Choice B, 'Being closely tied to one's ethnic background,' is not a defining aspect of spirituality or religion as it pertains more to cultural identity rather than spiritual beliefs.

5. The nursing diagnosis is Risk for impaired skin integrity related to immobility and pressure secondary to pain and presence of a cast. Which of the following desired outcomes should the nurse include in the care plan?

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct desired outcome for a nursing diagnosis of 'Risk for impaired skin integrity' is to ensure that the skin remains intact and without redness during the hospital stay. This outcome directly addresses the risk identified in the diagnosis. Option A focuses on addressing immobility, which is not the priority for this diagnosis. Option C deals with pain relief, which is a separate concern. Option D is an intervention involving pressure prevention through repositioning, rather than an outcome related to skin integrity.

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