Nursing Elites

1. A leukemia patient has a relative who wants to donate blood for transfusion. Which of the following donor medical conditions would prevent this?

• A. A history of hepatitis C five years previously
• B. Cholecystitis requiring cholecystectomy one year previously
• C. Asymptomatic diverticulosis
• D. Crohn's disease in remission

Correct answer: A

Rationale: A history of hepatitis C five years previously would prevent a donor from donating blood for transfusion. Hepatitis C is a viral infection transmitted through bodily fluids, such as blood, causing inflammation of the liver. Patients with hepatitis C may not donate blood for transfusion due to the high risk of infection in the recipient. Cholecystitis requiring cholecystectomy one year previously, asymptomatic diverticulosis, and Crohn's disease in remission are not contraindications for blood donation as they do not pose a risk of transmitting infections to the recipient.

2. You have been asked to record the amount of food that the person has eaten during each meal. What kinds of words or numbers would you use to record this food intake?

• A. A little, a moderate amount, or all of the meal
• B. 50 cc, 100 cc, or 500 cc of the meal
• C. 25%, 50%, or 100% of the meal
• D. Either A or C

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Food intake is typically measured in terms of the percentage (%) of food that has been eaten. Using percentages allows for a more precise and standardized way of recording food consumption. For instance, you would record 25% of the vegetable if the person has eaten about a quarter of the vegetables on the plate. Choices A and B are incorrect. Choice A's terms 'a little' and 'a moderate amount' are vague and not specific enough for accurate documentation. Choice B's use of cc is more appropriate for measuring fluids, not solid foods. Choice D is also incorrect as it combines vague terms with percentages, which could lead to confusion in accurately documenting the food intake.

3. Which nursing intervention is the highest priority for a client at risk for falls in a hospital setting?

• A. Keep all of the side rails up
• B. Review prescribed medications
• C. Complete the "get up and go"? test
• D. Place the bed in the lowest position

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The highest priority nursing intervention for a client at risk for falls in a hospital setting is to place the bed in the lowest position. This action ensures that the client falls the shortest distance, reducing the risk of injury. Keeping all side rails up (Option A) may lead to a fall with injury, as the client might attempt to get over the rail and fall from a higher distance. Reviewing prescribed medications (Option B) is important as certain medications can increase the risk of falling, but it is not the best answer as it is not applicable to all clients. Completing the "get up and go"? test (Option C) can help assess a client's risk for falling but does not directly prevent injury.

4. The healthcare provider is reviewing theories of illness. The germ theory, which states that microscopic organisms such as bacteria and viruses are responsible for specific disease conditions, is a basic belief of which theory of illness?

• A. Holistic
• B. Biomedical
• C. Naturalistic
• D. Magicoreligious

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Biomedical. Among the biomedical explanations for disease is the germ theory, which states that microscopic organisms such as bacteria and viruses are responsible for specific disease conditions. The naturalistic or holistic perspective holds that the forces of nature must be kept in natural balance. The magicoreligious perspective holds that supernatural forces dominate and cause illness or health. Therefore, options A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not align with the germ theory explanation provided in the question.

5. Which type of shock is related to low blood volume?

• A. Psychogenic
• B. Cardiogenic
• C. Anaphylactic
• D. Hemorrhagic

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Hemorrhagic shock, also known as hypovolemic shock, is directly related to low blood volume due to significant blood loss. In hemorrhagic shock, the body's circulating blood volume is reduced, leading to inadequate perfusion of tissues and organs. Psychogenic shock is caused by emotional distress, not blood volume changes. Cardiogenic shock results from heart failure, not low blood volume. Anaphylactic shock is due to a severe allergic reaction, not a reduction in blood volume.

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