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NCLEX Psychosocial Questions
1. The nurse is caring for an Asian patient who is being admitted to the hospital. Which action would be most appropriate for the nurse to take when interviewing this patient?
- A. Avoid eye contact with the patient
- B. Observe the patient's use of eye contact
- C. Look directly at the patient when interacting
- D. Ask the patient's family member about the patient's cultural beliefs
Correct answer: B: Observe the patient's use of eye contact
Rationale: Observing the patient's use of eye contact will be most useful in determining the best way to communicate effectively with the patient. Different cultures have varying norms regarding eye contact, so by observing the patient, the nurse can adapt their communication style accordingly. Looking directly at the patient or avoiding eye contact may not be universally appropriate and could be misinterpreted. Asking a family member about the patient's cultural beliefs is not ideal as cultural beliefs can vary among individuals within the same cultural group. It is best to assess the patient directly to provide culturally sensitive care.
2. Which of the following glands found in the skin secretes a liquid called Sebum?
- A. Apocrine Glands
- B. Sebaceous Glands
- C. Lacrimal Glands
- D. Sweat Glands
Correct answer: B: Sebaceous Glands
Rationale: Sebum is a liquid secreted by glands in the skin known as sebaceous glands. Sebum's primary function is to lubricate the skin and help maintain its integrity. Apocrine glands secrete a different type of sweat that is odorless but can develop an odor when combined with bacteria on the skin. Lacrimal glands produce tears to keep the eyes moist, and sweat glands secrete sweat to regulate body temperature through evaporation. Therefore, the correct answer is Sebaceous Glands because they specifically secrete sebum, distinguishing them from the other gland types mentioned.
3. The nurse is taking the health history of a patient being treated for Emphysema and Chronic Bronchitis. After being told the patient has been smoking cigarettes for 30 years, the nurse expects to note which assessment finding?
- A. Increase in Forced Vital Capacity (FVC)
- B. A widened chest cavity
- C. Clubbed fingers
- D. An increased risk of cardiac failure
Correct answer: Clubbed fingers
Rationale: 1. Increase in Forced Vital Capacity (FVC): Forced Vital Capacity is the volume of air exhaled from full inhalation to full exhalation. A patient with COPD would have a decrease in FVC. Therefore, this choice is incorrect. 2. A widened chest cavity: A patient with COPD often presents with a 'barrel chest,' which is seen as a widened chest cavity. Hence, a narrowed chest cavity is not an expected finding. 3. Clubbed fingers - CORRECT: Clubbed fingers are a sign of a long-term, or chronic, decrease in oxygen levels, which is commonly seen in patients with chronic respiratory conditions like Emphysema and Chronic Bronchitis. 4. An increased risk of cardiac failure: Although a patient with these conditions would indeed be at an increased risk for cardiac failure, this is a potential complication and not an assessment finding, making it an incorrect choice.
4. A client states that she is angry and feels rejected by her boyfriend. Which action would the nurse encourage?
- A. Call the boyfriend to work things out.
- B. Avoid confronting the boyfriend.
- C. Date new people whenever possible.
- D. Learn to constructively vent anger.
Correct answer: Learn to constructively vent anger.
Rationale: The correct answer is to encourage the client to learn to constructively vent anger. Coping mechanisms, such as venting anger, can help the client address feelings of rejection. Calling the boyfriend to work things out is offering unsolicited advice and may not be effective in managing emotions. Avoiding confronting the boyfriend may reduce anxiety temporarily but will not assist in resolving the underlying issues. Encouraging the client to date new people whenever possible is not appropriate at this stage, as it is essential for the client to work through the current crisis before considering new relationships.
5. Which nursing intervention would be provided to a hospitalized client during the identity versus role confusion stage?
- A. Choosing creative ways to promote social participation
- B. Providing information to the client about the treatment plan
- C. Encouraging the client to participate actively in treatment procedures
- D. Involving the client’s partners or family members in the caring process
Correct answer: Providing information to the client about the treatment plan
Rationale: During the identity versus role confusion stage, which occurs during adolescence or puberty, it is essential for the nurse to empower hospitalized adolescents by providing them with sufficient information about their treatment plan. This approach enables the clients to actively participate in decision-making regarding their care. Choosing creative ways to promote social participation is more aligned with assisting clients during the generativity versus self-absorption and stagnation stage, where fostering social engagement can contribute to a sense of fulfillment. Involving the client’s partners or family members in the caring process is typically beneficial during the intimacy versus isolation stage to create a strong support system for the client. Encouraging active participation in treatment procedures is more relevant to the industry versus inferiority stage, ensuring that the hospitalized client engages effectively in their care.
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