Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following items of subjective client data would be documented in the medical record by the nurse?

• A. Client's face is pale
• B. Cervical lymph nodes are palpable
• C. Nursing assistant reports client refused lunch
• D. Client feels nauseated

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Client feels nauseated.' Subjective data refers to the client's sensations, feelings, and perception of their health status. It can only be reported by the client as it is based on their personal experiences. The feeling of nausea is a subjective symptom that the client experiences and can provide insight into their health condition. Choices A and B represent objective data, as they describe observable or measurable findings that can be detected by the nurse. Choice C involves information reported by someone other than the client, making it indirect and not purely subjective.

2. To collect timely, specific information, the nurse is most likely to ask which of the following questions?

• A. Would you describe what you are feeling?
• B. How are you today?
• C. What would you like to talk about?
• D. Where does it hurt?

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is, 'Would you describe what you are feeling?' This open-ended question prompts the patient to provide subjective data, offering specific information about their current health status and human responses. This information can help identify actual or potential health issues. Choices B and C are more likely to yield general, nonspecific information. Choice D may lead to a brief response or nonverbal indication of pain location. A more effective approach to gather specific information about pain would be to ask, 'Can you describe any pain you are experiencing?'

3. An Asian-American woman is experiencing diarrhea, which is believed to be "cold"? or "yin."? What should the nurse recognize that the woman may likely try to treat it?

• A. Foods that are "hot"? or "yang"?
• B. Readings and Eastern medicine meditations
• C. High doses of medicines believed to be "cold"?
• D. No treatment because diarrhea is an expected part of life.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the Asian-American woman is believed to be experiencing diarrhea due to a "cold"? or "yin"? imbalance. According to the yin/yang theory, yang represents heat and yin represents cold. Therefore, to balance the cold nature of the diarrhea, the woman may try to treat it by consuming foods that are considered "hot"? or "yang"?. This aligns with the concept that cold foods are eaten with a hot illness, and hot foods are eaten with a cold illness. Choices B, C, and D do not align with the yin/yang theory and are not relevant to addressing the imbalance associated with the cold nature of the diarrhea.

4. Which of the following is a disadvantage of using a dry heat application?

• A. Dry heat is more likely to cause burns than moist heat
• B. Dry heat does not penetrate deeply into the tissues
• C. Dry heat causes the skin to dry out more quickly
• D. Dry heat can quickly cause skin breakdown

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is that dry heat causes the skin to dry out more quickly. When comparing dry and moist heat applications, dry heat is less likely to cause burns and skin breakdown. However, one of the disadvantages of dry heat is that it does not penetrate deeply into the tissues and may lead to faster drying out of the skin. This can have negative effects on skin integrity and overall comfort during therapy. Choice A is incorrect because dry heat is less likely to cause burns than moist heat. Choice B is incorrect as dry heat may not penetrate deeply into tissues. Choice D is incorrect as dry heat is less likely to cause skin breakdown compared to moist heat.

5. The Sinoatrial Node (SA) is located within which of the following heart structures?

• A. Mitral Valve
• B. Right Ventricle
• C. Right Atrium
• D. Left Atrium

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The Sinoatrial (SA) Node, often called the heart's natural pacemaker, is situated within the upper wall of the Right Atrium. It initiates the electrical impulses that regulate the heartbeat. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the SA node is not located in the Mitral Valve, Right Ventricle, or Left Atrium. It is specifically positioned in the Right Atrium to coordinate the heart's rhythm and timing.

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