Nursing Elites

1. Which nursing intervention would be provided to a hospitalized client during the identity versus role confusion stage?

• A. Choosing creative ways to promote social participation
• B. Providing information to the client about the treatment plan
• C. Encouraging the client to participate actively in treatment procedures
• D. Involving the client's partners or family members in the caring process

Correct answer: B

Rationale: During the identity versus role confusion stage, which occurs during adolescence or puberty, it is essential for the nurse to empower hospitalized adolescents by providing them with sufficient information about their treatment plan. This approach enables the clients to actively participate in decision-making regarding their care. Choosing creative ways to promote social participation is more aligned with assisting clients during the generativity versus self-absorption and stagnation stage, where fostering social engagement can contribute to a sense of fulfillment. Involving the client's partners or family members in the caring process is typically beneficial during the intimacy versus isolation stage to create a strong support system for the client. Encouraging active participation in treatment procedures is more relevant to the industry versus inferiority stage, ensuring that the hospitalized client engages effectively in their care.

2. The client believes that the illness is a punishment for sins. Which cultural health belief is the client communicating?

• A. Yin/Yang balance
• B. Biomedical belief
• C. Determinism belief
• D. Magicoreligious belief

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The client is communicating a magicoreligious belief by attributing the illness to punishment for sins. In this belief system, illness is seen as caused by supernatural forces or hexes, often related to spiritual or religious beliefs. The yin/yang balance belief system does not view illness as punishment but rather as an imbalance of opposing forces. Biomedical belief focuses on physical and biochemical processes as the cause of health and illness. Determinism belief revolves around outcomes being preordained and unchangeable, not related to punishment for sins.

3. A newly diagnosed client with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) comments to the nurse, 'There are so many rotten people around. Why couldn't one of them get HIV instead of me?' Which statement is the nurse's best response?

• A. 'I can understand why you are afraid of dying.'
• B. 'It seems unfair that you contracted this disorder.'
• C. 'Do you really wish this disorder on someone else?'
• D. 'Have you thought of speaking with your religious adviser?'

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The client is expressing feelings of unfairness and questioning why they have HIV. The nurse's best response is to acknowledge the client's emotions. Choice B, 'It seems unfair that you contracted this disorder,' reflects empathy and validates the client's feelings, which can help them move towards acceptance. Choice A, 'I can understand why you are afraid of dying,' introduces the topic of death, which may not be the primary concern at this stage. Choice C, 'Do you really wish this disorder on someone else?' is judgmental and could induce guilt in the client. Choice D, 'Have you thought of speaking with your religious adviser?' deflects the conversation and does not address the client's current emotional needs.

4. The nurse has just admitted a client with severe depression. From which focus should the nurse identify a priority nursing diagnosis?

• A. Nutrition
• B. Elimination
• C. Activity
• D. Safety

Correct answer: D

Rationale: In caring for a client with severe depression, ensuring safety is a top priority. Suicide prevention measures must be incorporated into the care plan as individuals with depression are at increased risk. While nutrition, elimination, and activity are important aspects of care, safety takes precedence due to the critical need to prevent harm or self-harm in depressed individuals.

5. The family of a child with cerebral palsy (CP) is at risk for difficult parenting issues. Which basis would the nurse conclude as the probable cause for this difficulty?

• A. Lack of social support
• B. Unrealistic expectations
• C. Loss of the expected healthy child
• D. Having a child with cognitive impairment

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Loss of the expected healthy child.' Parents of a child with cerebral palsy often grieve the loss of the healthy child they expected, mourning what could have been and what may never be. While lack of social support can contribute to parenting difficulties, it is not the primary basis in this case. Unrealistic expectations may play a role for some parents, but not all. Additionally, it is important to note that not all children with cerebral palsy experience cognitive impairment; around 30% to 50% of children with cerebral palsy have cognitive challenges.

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