Nursing Elites

1. After instructing the client on crutch walking technique, the nurse should evaluate the client's understanding by using which of the following methods?

• A. Return demonstration
• B. Explanation
• C. Achievement of 90 on written test
• D. Have the client explain the procedure to the family

Correct answer: A

Rationale: After teaching the client on crutch walking technique, assessing the client's understanding is crucial. The most effective method to evaluate the client's comprehension of a hands-on skill like crutch walking technique is through a return demonstration. This allows the nurse to observe the client performing the technique, ensuring they have grasped the instructions correctly and can execute the skill safely. While providing an explanation can help clarify doubts, it may not confirm the client's ability to perform the skill. Achieving a high score on a written test assesses cognitive understanding but not necessarily the practical application of the skill. Having the client explain the procedure to the family does not directly assess their ability to perform the skill themselves; it tests their ability to communicate the information to others.

2. When evaluating the temperature of older adults, what aspect should the healthcare provider remember about an older adult's body temperature?

• A. The body temperature of the older adult is lower than that of a younger adult.
• B. An older adult's body temperature is approximately the same as that of a young child.
• C. Body temperature varies based on the type of thermometer used.
• D. In older adults, body temperature can fluctuate widely due to less effective heat control mechanisms.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: When evaluating the temperature of older adults, it is important to note that their body temperature is usually lower than that of younger adults, with a mean temperature of 36.2�C. Choice B is incorrect because an older adult's body temperature is not approximately the same as that of a young child. Choice C is incorrect because body temperature is a physiological parameter and does not vary based on the type of thermometer used. Choice D is incorrect because while older adults may have less effective heat control mechanisms, their body temperature is typically lower, not widely fluctuating.

3. The healthcare provider is preparing to use an otoscope for an examination. Which statement is true regarding the otoscope?

• A. Often used to direct light into the sinuses
• B. Used to examine the structures of the internal ear
• C. Uses a short, broad speculum to help visualize the ear
• D. Directs light into the ear canal and onto the tympanic membrane

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The otoscope is a tool used to examine the ear canal and tympanic membrane, which separates the external and middle ear. It is not intended to direct light into the sinuses or examine the internal structures of the ear. The otoscope typically uses a short, narrow speculum to aid in visualizing the ear canal and tympanic membrane, not a short, broad speculum as mentioned in choice C.

4. Which of the following actions is most appropriate for reducing the risk of infection during the post-operative period?

• A. Flush the central line with heparin at least every four hours
• B. Administer narcotic analgesics as needed
• C. Remove the urinary catheter as soon as the client is ambulatory
• D. Order a high-protein diet for the client

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The most appropriate action to reduce the risk of infection during the post-operative period is to remove the urinary catheter as soon as the client is ambulatory. Urinary catheters can serve as a source of bacteria, increasing the risk of infection in the bladder or urethra. By removing the catheter promptly once the client is mobile, the risk of infection can be minimized. Option A, flushing the central line with heparin, is not directly related to reducing urinary tract infections. Option B, administering narcotic analgesics as needed, is important for pain management but does not directly address infection prevention. Option D, ordering a high-protein diet, may be beneficial for wound healing but does not specifically target infection risk reduction in the post-operative period.

5. When should you wear gloves?

• A. preparing infant formula for a newborn baby
• B. transferring breast milk into a baby bottle
• C. knocking on a patient's door
• D. opening a patient's door

Correct answer: B

Rationale: You must wear gloves when transferring breast milk into a baby bottle because breast milk is considered a bodily fluid. It is essential to avoid direct contact to prevent contamination. When preparing infant formula, gloves are not required as formula is not a bodily fluid. Knocking on or opening a patient's door does not involve direct contact with bodily fluids, so gloves are unnecessary in those situations.

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